《汉语大词典》古城池词条考辨两则

Textual Research on the Two Pool Entries of Ancient City in The Great Chinese Dictionary

“靴城”一词,《汉语大词典》释为“古代城墙的一种附属建筑”,其具体所指和立名含义都值得探讨。“靴城”其实就是指“瓮城”,而“瓮城”实由“壅城”讹变而来。由于表“靴筒”义的“雍”“?”与“壅城”的“壅”同音,“?”“瓮”与“甕城”的“甕”近音或同音,而且椭圆形的“靴筒”与半圆形的“壅城”“甕城”形状相似,人们听音为字,就用日常穿戴用品“靴”来替代“壅”“甕”,于是把“壅城”“甕城”说成了“靴城”。“龟堞”一词,《汉语大词典》释为“指坚固的城墙”,实则指成都。《搜神记》中张仪依龟筑城的传说使得成都有了“龟化城”的别称,又可省作“龟城”。将“龟城”的“城”字同义改换成“堞”,就变成了“龟堞”,诗赋中典雅用词的内在要求也使得文人们在创作时更愿意选择一些陌生化的词语,“龟堞”一词便应运而生。

Although the term “Xuecheng” is interpreted in The Great Chinese Dictionary as “an accessory structure of ancient city walls”,its specific reference and the meaning behind its naming are worth exploring.“Xuecheng” actually refers to “Wengcheng”,which in turn is a corruption of “Yongcheng”.Due to the homophony between “Yong”,meaning “boot tube”,and “Yongcheng”,as well as the similarity or homophony between “Weng” and “Weng” with “Wengcheng”,and the elliptical shape of the “boot tube”being similar to the semi-circular shapes of “Yongcheng” and “Wengcheng”,people mistook the sound for the character and replaced “Yong” and “Weng” with the everyday item “boot”,thus calling “Yongcheng” and “Wengcheng” as “Xuecheng”.The term “Guidie” is interpreted in The Great Chinese Dictionary as “referring to a sturdy city wall”,but in fact,it refers to Chengdu.The legend of Zhang Yi building a city in the shape of a turtle in Search for the Divine gave Chengdu the alias “Turtle-shaped City”,which can also be abbreviated to “Guicheng”.By replacing the character “city” in “Guicheng” with a synonym “die” it becomes “Guidie”.The intrinsic requirement of elegant diction in poetry and odes also makes literary scholars more inclined to choose some unfamiliar words in their creation,and thus the term “Guidie” came into being.