《小说理论》中小说类型学对黑格尔逻辑学的扬弃

The Sublation Towards Hegelian Logic in Novel Typology in The Theory of the Novel

在现代性危机日渐严重的背景下,现代人也同时面临着“理性的失落”“虚无主义”“主体之死”等精神问题。加之第一次世界大战的影响,当时的卢卡奇逐渐从一个新康德主义者转变为黑格尔主义者。卢卡奇在《小说理论》一书中,通过继承黑格尔逻辑学的“正—反—合”思维,提出了“抽象的理想主义小说、幻灭的浪漫主义小说、成长教育小说”的小说类型学,并对这三类小说进行了分析和评论,认为这些小说不能完成改造资本主义现代社会的任务。在此基础上,《小说理论》又发展了黑格尔逻辑学,将文学理论的视域由自然转向了社会,使得文艺理论的作用由纯粹思辨走向社会改造。同时,卢卡奇也对具有创造性的俄国小说文学进行了分析与展望,这些都体现了他对黑格尔逻辑学的扬弃。

Against the backdrop of the increasingly severe crisis of modernity,modern individuals are also confronted with spiritual issues such as“loss of reason”,“nihilism”and the“death of the subject”.The impact of the First World War gradually transformed Lukács from a neo-Kantian into a Hegelian.In his book The Theory of the Novel,Lukács inherits the“thesis-antithesis-synthesis”thinking of Hegelian logic and proposes a novel typology of“abstract idealistic novel-disillusioned romantic novel-Bildungsroman”.He provides analysis and commentary on these three types of novels,but concludes that they are unable to fulfill the task of transforming capitalist modern society.Building upon this foundation,The Theory of the Novel further develops Hegelian logic,shifting the perspective of aesthetics from nature to society,thereby directing the role of literary theory from pure speculation towards social transformation.Additionally,Lukács analyzes and anticipates the creative Russian novel literature,which reflects his sublation of Hegelian logic.