发现“东西中国”:市场化与当代乡村变迁

Finding out "East and West China":Marketization and Current Changes in Rural Areas

改革开放以来出现的全国统一的劳动力市场、全国性的农产品市场和全国性的婚姻“市场”,让乡村走向了自由开放。市场化改变社会连接方式,打破乡村的地方性,让乡村中的人财物变成了自由流动的要素,市场区位决定了乡村人财物流动的方向。在三大市场的共同作用下,农村人财物总体呈现东进西出的特点,乡村秩序和乡村发展因而出现了显著的东中西地区差异。东部与中西部地区农村不仅在城乡关系、村庄形态等方面存在不同,而且还存在发展路径上的差异。“东西中国”是从农民与市场的关系的角度,呈现出改革开放后乡村变迁逻辑和分布形态。下一步,在定位乡村发展、实施乡村振兴、选择基层治理手段和推动重大涉农政策改革的过程中,要立足于“东西中国”这个现实前提。

Since the reform and opening up,the emergence of the unified national labor market,agricultural product market,and national marriage "market" has led rural areas to move towards freedom and openness.Marketization changes the way society is connected,breaks the local features of rural areas,and turns people and property in rural areas into freely flowing elements.Market location determines the direction of rural people and property flow.Under the joint action of the three major markets,rural people and property shows a feature of entering from the east and exiting from the west,resulting in significant differences in the order and development of rural areas in China.The rural areas in the eastern and central western regions not only differ in terms of urban-rural relations,village forms and so on,but also have differences in development paths.From the perspective of relationship between farmers and the market,"East and West China" presents the logic and distribution of rural changes after the reform and opening up.So it is proposed to base the true precondition of "East and West China" in positioning rural development,implementing rural revitalization strategies,reforming grassroots governance,and making major policy contents and methods about rural reform and construction.