当事人纠纷上移诉讼策略应对的困境与出路

Challenges and Solutions in Handling the Parties Strategy of Filing Upward Appeals

涉诉纠纷能否就地化解,既与诉讼机制、司法规则等制度化因素相关,也受当事人的诉讼策略、情感行为等非制度化因素影响。但当前司法实践对后者应对的不足,易带来衍生案件增多、裁判出错率高、类案难以同判、解纷动力不足等困境,会造成程序空转、诉讼反复等后果。由内在观察者视角,当事人选择本诉解纷的意愿与其目的动机、参诉体验、所处情境等所形成的诉讼认知密切相关。基于此,通过强化能动履职,从制度层面回应当事人的利益实现、信任提升、类案同判需求,辅以非制度层面的引入诉外力量、化解牵涉纠葛、加强情理牵引、注重信息推介、强化人文关怀,让法官与当事人在事实认定、法律适用、公正感受等方面达成共识,提升当事人的诉讼认知,有利于纾解当事人纠纷上移诉讼策略阻滞实质解纷难题。

The resolution of litigation-related disputes hinges not only on institutionalized factors such as litigation mechanisms and judicial rules but also on non-institutionalized factors like litigation strategies and the emotional behaviors of the parties.However,the current inadequate response to the latter in judicial practice can potentially result in escalating derivative cases,a high rate of adjudication errors,challenges in rendering consistent judgments in similar cases,and a lack of incentive to resolve disputes,which will lead to consequences such as idling of procedures and repeated litigation.From an internal observer s perspective,the parties inclination towards resorting to litigation for dispute resolution is closely tied to their litigation cognition shaped by their goals and motivations,their experiences in litigation participation,and their current circumstances.Building upon this understanding,we should take such measures as practicing active justice,addressing the parties needs for interest realization,improving the trust between the judiciary and the parties involved,and making consistent judgment in similar cases at the institutional level.When these are complemented by the involvement of extra-litigation forces at the non-institutional level,we can facilitate the resolution of tangled disputes,enhance reasonable engagement,emphasize information dissemination,and strengthen humanistic care.By reaching a consensus between judges and parties on matters concerning factual determinations,legal applications,and perceptions of fairness,an enhanced litigation cognition among the parties can be fostered,thereby mitigating the tendency of parties to pursue upward appeals,which will consequently block substantive dispute resolution.