论合宪性审查的解释渊源

The Origins of Constitutional Interpretation in Constitutional Review

随着合宪性审查问题日益受到理论和实践的重视,宪法渊源的援引成为研究的焦点。目前研究重点在于宪法条文本身的引用,而很少考量宪法渊源的其他形式种类。之所以会出现这种现象,虽然与我国素来所尊崇以成文法作为裁决依据的做法有关,但是可能忽视了个案裁判对宪法解释渊源的多元化需求。英美法系、大陆法系乃至混合法系国家法院在合宪性审查中会选择各种解释渊源作为审查依据,并呈现出可以遵循的规律性。在合宪性审查过程中,宪法解释渊源为宪法发现提供找法工具,为宪法解释提供权威性理由,也为宪法论证提供了形成裁判性规范的转化基础,具有鲜明的个案功能。我国合宪性审查解释渊源运用尚存在模糊不清、实践缺位和援引单一等缺陷,需要进一步完善。只有从宪法解释和适用角度对合宪性审查机构选择宪法渊源的方式进行了解和研究,而不是仅仅停留在援引宪法文本之上,才能形成一个适应我国合宪性审查需要的宪法解释渊源体系。

With the increasing attention paid to the issue of constitutional review in both theory and practice,the citation of constitutional origins has become a focus of research.Currently,the emphasis of research lies in the citation of constitutional texts themselves,while other forms and types of constitutional origins are rarely considered.This phenomenon may be attributed to China s longstanding practice of revering written law as the basis for adjudication,but it may overlook the diversified demands of case judgments for the origins of constitutional interpretation.Courts in common law systems such as those in England and the United States,civil law systems,and even mixed legal systems select various sources of interpretation as the basis for constitutional review,exhibiting regularity that can be followed.In the process of constitutional review,the origins of constitutional interpretation provide tools for discovering law,authoritative reasons for interpreting the constitution,and a basis for transforming into normative standards for judicial decision-making,thus showing distinct case functions.The application of the origins of constitutional interpretation in China s constitutional review still suffers from defects such as ambiguity,lack of practice,and reliance on singular references,which need further improvement.Only by understanding and studying the ways in which constitutional review institutions select sources of constitutional origins from the perspective of constitutional interpretation and application,rather than merely relying on the citation of constitutional texts,can a system of constitutional interpretation origins be formed that meets the needs of constitutional review in our country.