家乡、家族与家人:语境理论下家庭民俗学作品对象化叙事策略探析

Hometown,Family and Family Members:An Analysis on the Objectified Narrative Strategies in Family Folklore Works under the Context Theory

新世纪以来,民俗学界出现了一批“以自我家庭为‘田野空间’、以血亲成员为资料获取对象的研究模式”与书写实践以及“家庭民俗学(志)”概念名称,预示着“以自我家庭为对象”实验民俗志写作范式的兴起。这类民俗志的共同文本特征为,通过家乡、家族与家人等叙事元素,构建着对“我群”生活的对象化观察与书写,这些书写在某种程度上恰好营造着民俗志文本的若干必要语境。具体而言,家庭民俗学作品通过“家乡”的对象化叙事营造民俗志的地方和空间语境,“家族”叙事塑造民俗志的时间语境元素,“家人”描述承载着民俗事象展演与事件发生,而“自我”的对象化文本意味着民俗志心理与情感语境的建构。家庭民俗志文本结构与书写特征,显示出有些民俗志已不适合用“家乡民俗志”“自我民族志”等称谓,已有学者提出明确概念且有一定数量书写实践的“家庭民俗志”可能是较为恰当的范式命名。

Since the new century,a number of“research models and writing practices that take the self-family as the‘field space’and take blood relatives as the object of data acquisition”in the field of folklore,as well as two scholars who explicitly proposed the concept of“family folklore(diary)”,indicate the rise of experimental folklore writing paradigms that take the self-family as the object.The common textual characteristics of such folklore diaries are that most of them construct objectified observations and writing about the lives of the“I group”through narrative elements such as hometown,family,and family members.To some extent,these objectified writing creates certain necessary contexts for the text of folklore diaries.Specifically,family folklore works create the local and spatial context of folklore diaries through the objectified narrative of“hometown”,the time context elements of folklore diaries are shaped by“family”narratives,and the objectified description of“family members”carries the performance and occurrence of folklore events.The objectified text of“self”means the construction of psychological and emotional contexts in folklore diaries.The analysis of the text structure and writing characteristics of family folklore diaries shows that some folklore diaries are no longer suitable for using the terms“hometown folklore diaries”and“self-ethnography”,and some scholars have proposed the concept of“family folklore diaries”with a certain number of writing practices,which may be a more appropriate paradigm name.