规模经营与农业绿色发展——基于农业绿色全要素生产率的观察

Scale Operation and Green Development of Agriculture--Observations on Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity

规模化经营与绿色化发展是实现农业高质量发展的题中之义。明晰规模经营与农业绿色发展的关系具有重要的理论与现实意义。运用SBM-GML指数测算并刻画出我国农业绿色全要素生产率的时空演变趋势,基于2008-2021年中国省级面板数据,使用固定效应模型实证研究了土地规模经营与服务规模经营对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响及作用路径。研究发现:我国省域农业绿色全要素生产率与规模经营在研究期内整体均呈上升趋势;土地规模经营与服务规模经营对农业绿色全要素生产率影响存在先扩大后缩小的倒“U”型非线性关系,两种规模经营和农业绿色全要素生产率之间均存在适度规模效应;农业机械化水平在规模经营对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响中发挥作用。两种规模经营对不同地区农业绿色全要素生产率的影响具有异质性。因此,应促进农业适度规模经营、提高农业机械化水平、因地制宜发展规模经营。

Scaled operation and green development are the essence of achieving high-quality agricultural development.Clarifying the relationship between scale operation and green agricultural development is of important theoretical and practical significance.The SBM-GML index was used to calculate and characterize the spatiotempora evolution trend of China’s agricultural green total factor productivity.Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2021 in China,a fixed effects model was used to empirically study the impact and pathways of land scale operation and service operation on agricultural green total factor productivity.Research has found that at the provincial level in China,the green total factor productivity and scale management showed an overall upward trend during the research period.There exists an inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship between land scale operation and service scale operation on agricultural green total factor productivity,which first expands and then decreases.The level of agricultural mechanization plays a role in the impact of scale operation on the green total factor productivity of agriculture.The effects of two kinds of scale operation on green total factor productivity of agriculture vary across different regions.Therefore,it is necessary to promote moderate-scale operation in agriculture,improve the level of agricultural mechanization,and develop scale operation tailored to local conditions.