环境分权与生猪养殖业生态效率:影响机制与实证检验

Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Evidence of Environmental Decentralization Affecting Ecological Efficiency in Swine Industry

选取2005−2019年30个省份的平衡面板数据,在厘清环境分权影响生猪养殖业生态效率内在机理的基础上,采用动态面板模型,实证检验环境分权对生猪养殖业生态效率的作用机制和影响效应。研究发现,环境分权显著抑制了生猪养殖业生态效率的提升,在利用两阶段最小二乘法克服了内生性问题并进行一系列检验后,结果依然稳健。机制检验表明,环境分权抑制了环境规制强度的提高,进而对生猪养殖业生态效率表现出负向效应,环境规制在两者之间发挥着部分中介效应的作用。进一步分析发现,环境行政权责的下放显著促进了生猪养殖业生态效率的提升,环境监察分权和环境监测分权则不利于生猪养殖业生态效率的提高。此外,环境分权的作用效果还存在区域异质性特征,环境分权在东部地区对生猪养殖业生态效率表现出促进作用,在西部地区则表现出抑制效应,而在中部地区的影响不显著。基于此,探索了环境分权影响生猪养殖业生态效率的机制黑箱,以期为政府科学合理地划分环境管理权责,制定差异化环境分权策略以及精准施策提供参考。

Based on the balanced panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019,a dynamic panel model was used to empirically test the mechanism and effect of environmental decentralization on the eco-efficiency of swine industry by clarifying the intrinsic mechanism of how environmental decentralization affects the eco-efficiency of swine industry.It is found that environmental decentralization significantly inhibits the improvement of eco-efficiency in the swine industry,and the results remain robust after overcoming the endogeneity problem by using two-stage least squares and conducting a series of tests.Mechanism tests show that environmental decentralization supresses the increase in environmental regulation intensity,leading to a negative effect on the eco-efficiency of the swine industry,with environmental regulation acting as a partial mediator effect between the two.Further analysis reveals that the decentralization of environmental administration significantly promotes the improvement of eco-efficiency in swine industry,while the decentralization of environmental supervision and environmental monitoring is detrimental to enhancing eco-efficiency in swine industry.In addition,the effect of environmental decentralization is also characterized by regional heterogeneity,with environmental decentralization promoting the eco-efficiency of swine industry in the eastern region and inhibiting it in the western region,while showing no significant impact in the central region.Therefore,the mechanism“black box”of environmental decentralization affecting the eco-efficiency of swine industry is explored,aiming to provide insights for the government to scientifically and reasonably allocate environmental management rights and responsibilities,formulate differentiated environmental decentralization strategies,and implement targeted policies.