世界遗产地保护传承导向的镇域国土空间规划探索

Exploration of town territory spatial planning oriented by the protection and inheritance of world heritage sites

自北京总规批复以来,国土空间规划按照三级三类四体系的整体框架层层推进,镇域国土空间规划作为“中腰”部分,重在对控制要求的上传下达,做好各类指标和空间管控要素的刚性传导.北京历史悠久,文化资源丰富,是全国文化中心,如何保护好北京历史文化“金名片”,将历史文化保护的要求更好地传导到镇域国土空间规划中,又能向下贯彻落实,指引城乡发展建设,让历史文化遗产能够保得住、用得好是一个值得研究的课题.在分析世界遗产地面临的核心挑战的基础上,提出镇域国土空间规划应转变认知,协调好“遗产与区域、文物与本底、文化与空间、保护与发展”四组关系,并以世界文化遗产保护与乡镇发展共荣的十三陵实践为例,搭建起“整体认知-格局引领-分层保护-传承发展”的国土空间规划编制技术框架,以期能给相关工作提供有益借鉴.

Following the approval of Beijing′s master plan,territorial spatial planning has advanced progressively under a detailed framework of three levels,three categories,and four systems.Positioned as a crucial mid-section,town territory spatial planning emphasizes the enforcement and transmission of control requirements,ensuring strict compliance with various indicators and spatial management elements.Beijing,renowned for its abundant cultural assets and status as a national cultural hub,faces the pivotal challenge of preserving its esteemed historical and cultural identity.This paper discusses how to seamlessly incorporate historical and cultural preservation needs into town territory spatial planning,thereby guiding the development of both urban and rural settings to ensure the effective conservation and utilization of cultural heritage.After assessing the primary challenges confronting world heritage sites,the study advocates for a reevaluation of town territory spatial planning with a focus on protection and inheritance.It recommends harmonizing the relationships between heritage and region,cultural relics and their environments,culture and space,and protection and development.Drawing on the practice of protecting world cultural heritage sites and promoting the prosperity of the Shisanling Town,the paper establishes a strategic framework for territorial spatial planning that includes comprehensive perception,strategic guidance,tiered protection,and sustainable development.This framework is intended to serve as a useful reference for related professional fields.