光伏:能源可持续到材料可持续

Photovoltaics:from Energy Sustainability to Material Sustainability

可持续发展理念已经成为人类社会发展的核心.在能源可持续方面,人们努力增加可再生能源的用量;然而,太阳能光伏产业经过20余年的蓬勃发展,初期建设的光伏电站组件即将迎来“退役潮”.巨量退役光伏组件给环境带来巨大压力,光伏资源可持续2.0概念可能是解题之钥.论述退役光伏组件结构以及含有的有价元素;指出运输成本高,乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)剥离难及含F背板回收污染严重等棘手问题;对退役光伏组件回收的阻碍作用.对光伏资源可持续2.0概念框架下的集装箱式源头拆解理念、超临界发泡组件背板技术、光伏硅废料提纯技术及其合金化工艺进行系统的评述.最后,基于材料2.0概念,对退役光伏组件资源化利用的发展趋势进行展望,可为研发更加绿色高效的退役光伏组件再利用技术,提供一定的参考.

The concept of sustainable development has become central to human societal progress.In terms of energy sustainability,efforts are paid to augment the utilization of renewable energy sources.After more than two decades of vigorous development,initial photovoltaic components in Chinese photovoltaic industry are on the brink of retirement.The substantial influx of decommissioned photovoltaic modules has placed significant strain on the environment,prompting a quest for solutions encapsulated in the Photovoltaic Resource Sustain-ability 2.0 paradigm.This study elucidates the structural composition and valuable elements within retired pho-tovoltaic modules,highlighting the formidable obstacles to module recycling posed by high transportation costs,challenges in ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA)stripping,and the environmental pollution stemming from the recy-cling of backplanes containing fluorine.Within the framework of the Photovoltaic Resource Sustainability 2.0 concept,this paper provides a comprehensive review of containerized disassembly,supercritical foam module backplane technology,photovoltaic silicon waste purification techniques,and alloying processes.Finally,lever-aging the tenets of Materials 2.0,this paper forecasts the trajectory of resource utilization for decommissioned photovoltaic modules,offering insights for the development of greener and more efficient technologies for the reuse of retired photovoltaic modules.