我国粮食价格政策研究的反思与展望

Reflection and Prospect of Chinese grain Price Policy Research

我国粮食市场在价格“天花板”与成本“地板”的双重挤压下,其政策性矛盾日益积累,加之粮食补贴和国际贸易争端不断加剧,因此,探寻我国粮食价格政策的改革方向迫在眉睫。通过梳理国内外粮食价格政策的理论渊源、政策演进和实施效果以及粮食价格形成机制和影响因素等相关文献,发现国外粮食价格政策的研究对于解决我国的问题存在局限性,而国内相关研究多局限于定性分析,且以研究和评价价格政策绩效为主,对于调控政策如何实现市场与政府有效结合、如何配给财政资源以实现各参与主体效用最大化等研究相对不足。基于国家粮食安全新战略实施和粮食产业强国建设的背景,本文提出未来粮食价格政策研究应综合考虑粮食的双重属性,着眼于国内国际两个市场,充分发挥有效市场与有为政府相结合的优势,持续完善我国的粮食价格形成机制。

Under the double squeeze of price“ceiling”and cost“floor”of China’s grain market,the policy contradictions are increasingly accumulated,and the grain subsidies and international trade disputes are intensifying.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the reform direction of China’s grain price policy.By sorting out the domestic and foreign literature on the theoretical origin,policy evolution and implementation effect,as well as the formation mechanism and influencing factors of grain price,we found that foreign research on grain price policy has limitations in solving the problems in our country.Most domestic studies are limited to qualitative analysis,and mainly focus on the research and evaluation of the performance of price policies.There are relatively insufficient studies on how to effectively combine the market with the government and how to allocate financial resources to maximize the utility of all participants.Based on the implementation of the new strategy of national food security and the construction of a powerful grain industry,this paper proposes that future research on grain price policy should comprehensively consider the dual nature of grain,focus on both domestic and international markets,give full play to the advantages of the combination of efficient market and effective government,and continuously improve the mechanism of grain price formation in China.