元代文人的长江记忆建构及其文化认同——以“长江万里图”题咏为例

Memory Construction and Cultural Identification of the Yangtze River by Literati in the Yuan Dynasty--With the Poems Inscribed on the Painting“Ten Thousand Li along the Yangtze River”as an Example

“长江万里图”题咏自宋发端,入元为盛。元代文人在题咏“长江万里图”的实践中实现了长江记忆的建构,包括宋末元初长江所蕴含的遗民兴亡反思和元廷经制长江的战略思想,以及在诗人与读者协同作用下凝定的关于长江经历、想象、文化的地理意象。元代文人“长江万里图”书写中的乘船上扬州、骑鹤上扬州和“扬州梦”的典故运用,从现实描述、文学想象以及文化记忆三个层面,塑造了扬州意象。“长江万里图”作为想象与实践的共同体,对它的题咏成为元代南北文人长江文化认同的媒介。在长江记忆的统摄之下,形成了元代文人的长江文化认同,分别是对隐逸文化和对大元气象的认同。长江文化认同反映了大一统时期元朝文人的中华民族共同体意识,此意识在元亡后短暂地表现为对故乡的归属感,随即汇入下一个一统时代的洪流。

The poems inscribed on the painting“Ten Thousand Li along the Yangtze River”originated in the Song Dynasty and became prevalent in the Yuan Dynasty.The literati of the Yuan Dynasty completed memory construction of the Yangtze River by inscriptions on the painting“Ten Thousand Li along the Yangtze River”.Constructed memory of The Yangtze River includes reflections on the rise and fall of the Song Dynasty towards its end,the strategic management of the Yangtze River by the Yuan court and the crystallization of images concerning the experience,imagination and culture in connection with the Yangtze River with the collaboration of the poet and the reader.The poems inscribed on the painting“Ten Thousand Li along the Yangtze River”by literati from the Yuan Dynasty constructed the image of Yangzhou from three aspects including realistic description,literary imagination and cultural memory,by adopting idioms related to the journey to Yangzhou by boat or by riding cranes and the“Yangzhou Dream”.As a community of imagination and practice,the inscriptions on the painting“Ten Thousand Li along the Yangtze River”have become the medium for the cultural identification of literati in northern and southern China of the Yuan Dynasty.The literati of the Yuan Dynasty achieved cultural identification through mutual memory of the Yangtze River,which were the recognition of the hermit culture and the cultural spirit of the Yuan Dynasty exhibited in magnificent style.Identification with the Yangtze River culture reflects a unified consciousness of Chinese nation community of the Yuan Dynasty literati.After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty,this consciousness briefly manifested itself as a sense of belonging to the hometown,which was later merged into the torrent of the next unified era.