王国维《人间词话》的尊体、辨体思想及其成因

The Thought of Respecting and Distinguishing literary Entity in Wang Guowei’s Poetic Remarks in the Human World and Its Causes

1908年,王国维选取《人间词话》手稿中64则发表于《国粹学报》,《国粹学报》本涉及“尊体”的词话以诗为参照标准,强调诗与词的共通性。而与之形成对照的是,《人间词话》删稿中涉及诗词之别的词话有着强烈的“辨体”色彩。在对《人间词话》手稿、《国粹学报》本和《人间词话》删稿比较后,可发现王国维继承常州词派的“尊体”观念的同时,有意消解“辨体”观念,将“尊体”作为提升词体地位的首要方法。对比参阅《人间词话》手稿本、《国粹学报》本和《人间词话》删稿,结合词体的音乐性特征以及古代词论家对“诗人之词”和“学人之词”的论述,有助于探源和解读这一症候。

In 1908,Wang Guowei selected 64 of the manuscripts of the Poetic Remarks in the Human World and published them in the Guocui Xuebao.The expressions of“respecting entity”in the Guocui Xuebao take poetry as the reference standard,emphasizing the commonality between poetry and Ci.By contrast,the expressions of the Poetic Remarks in the Human World in the deleted manuscripts involved in the identification of poetry and Ci have a strong color of“distinguishing the entity”.After comparing the manuscripts of Poetic Remarks in the Human World,Guocui Xuebao and the deleted manuscripts,it can be found that Wang Guowei,while inheriting the“respect for entity”of Changzhou Ci School,in⁃tends to dispel the“distinction of entity”and regards“respect for entity”as the primary method to im⁃prove the status of Ci entity.Therefore,based on the existing research achievements in the academic cir⁃cle,this paper compares the manuscripts of the Poetic Remarks in the Human World and the Guocui Xuebao,and explores and interprets this symptom in combination with the ancient Ci theorists’discus⁃sion of“poets’Ci”and“scholars’Ci”.