美国涉及碳边境调节机制的最新动态及影响分析

Analysis of recent developments and implications of the U.S. carbon border adjustment mechanisms

碳边境调节机制(CBAM)是一项单边贸易政策,2023年由欧盟率先实施。美国作为中国第三大贸易伙伴,近年来涉CBAM的立法提案不断增多,若成功开征碳关税,必将对中国对美出口贸易和经济发展造成较大影响。本文在全面梳理美国对CBAM态度变化和立法进展的基础上,从立法目的、覆盖范围、计算方式、征收规则、豁免条款等五个方面比较分析了两党在2023年提出的涉CBAM相关提案,研判了其对中美贸易可能造成的影响。结果表明,现阶段美版CBAM对我国铝、水泥、玻璃、钢铁等行业进入美国市场会带来更大的挑战,但总体影响可控。建议短期内,紧盯美国政治走势,做好政策研判;中长期,完善政策体系,提高行业绿色低碳发展水平。

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)is a unilateral trade policy to be implemented by the European Union in 2023.As China's third largest trading partner,the U.S.has been increasing the number of legislative proposals related to CBAM in recent years,and the successful introduction of carbon tariffs will certainly have a greater impact on China's export trade and economic development with the U.S.This paper comprehensively analyzes the changes in the U.S.attitude towards CBAM and the legislative progress.On the basis of comprehensively sorting out the changes in the U.S.attitude toward CBAM and legislative progress,this paper compares and analyzes the CBAM-related proposals put forward by the two parties in 2023 from five aspects,such as legislative purpose,coverage,calculation method,levy rules,and exemption clauses,etc.,and examines the possible impacts on the U.S.-China trade.The results show that at this stage,the U.S.version of CBAM will bring more challenges to China's aluminum,cement,glass,steel and other industries to enter the U.S.market,but the overall impact is controllable.It is recommended that in the short term,closely track the U.S.election and do a good job of policy research and judgment;in the medium and long term,improve the policy system and enhance the industry's green and low-carbon development.