创新发展:美国开放科学政策及其启示

Innovative Development:US Open Science Policies and Their Enlightenments

美国开放科学运动走在世界前列,其完善的开放科学政策体系对我国具有参考价值。文章运用扎根理论对美国开放科学政策进行三级编码,发现美国建立了由开放数据政策、开放获取政策、公众科学政策、科研诚信政策、开放创新和开放合作政策、开放软件和源代码政策以及开放教育政策组成的开放科学政策体系。该政策体系从整体上呈现联邦政府处于主导地位、不断完善开放科学政策实施机制、始终将公众诉求摆在首位、坚持贯彻开放科学理念及原则、重视科学素养与科学研究的公平性等特征。我国应借鉴美国开放科学政策经验,健全开放科学政策体系,推动开放科学实践全面实施,完善开放科学基础设施政策,加快建成集成统一的开放科学平台,完善开放科学治理政策,打造良好的开放科学生态环境。

The US open science movement is at the forefront of the world,and its sound open science policy system can serve as a valuable reference for China.Based on grounded theory,this paper analyzes the open science policies in the US through a three-level coding.The study shows that the United States has established an open science policy system consisting of open data policy,open access policy,public science policy,research integrity policy,open innovation and open collaboration policy,open software and source code policy,and open education policy;the policy system as a whole is characterized by the leading role of the federal government,the continuous improvement of the implementation mechanism of open science policy,always putting the public’s demands first,adhering to the concept and principle of open science,and attaching importance to scientific literacy and the fairness of scientific research.Drawing on the experience of the United States,China should improve the open science policy system,promote the full implementation of open science,refine the open science infrastructure policy,accelerate the building of an integrated and unified open science platform,improve the open science governance policy,and create a good ecological environment for open science.