死后人工生殖所育子女利益的法律保护——以国内首例父亲工亡后试管婴儿索赔抚养费案为视角

Legal protection of the interests of children conceived through posthumous assisted reproduction after the death of the parent - from the perspective of the first case of test tube baby's claim for alimony after the father’s death at work in China

司法者在处理“父亲工亡后试管婴儿索赔抚养费”这一典型案件时,创新性地将体外胚胎认定为“准胎儿”,确认了死后人工生殖所育子女与死亡配偶之间的亲子关系,对其损害予以充分地救济,体现了司法者对“潜在的人”的最大保护。在法律缺失的背景下作出此判决,为我国死后人工生殖以及体外胚胎的立法提供了裁判指引。为了消除司法者在法律适用过程中以结果为导向,突破现有规则的潜在质疑,必须以合理、正当的法理为基础,对该裁判所涉胎儿利益延伸保护与亲子关系认定两大法律问题进行深入论证。

When dealing with the typical case of test tube baby’s claim for alimony after the father’s death at work,the judicial personnel innovatively identified the in vitro embryos as“quasi-fetuses”,confirmed the parent-child relationship between the children conceived through posthumous assisted reproduction with the deceased spouse,and gave full relief to the damage,reflecting the maximum protection of the judiciary for“potential people”.In the context of the absence of law,this judgment provides guidance for the legislation of posthumous assisted reproduction and in vitro embryo after the death of parents.In order to eliminate the potential doubt that the judiciary is result-oriented in the process of law application and breaks the existing rules,it is necessary to conduct in-depth argumentation on the two major legal issues of extended protection of fetal interests and identifying parent-child relationship involved in this judgment based on reasonable and legitimate jurisprudence.