基于社会支持理论缓解南充市医务人员职业倦怠的策略研究

Study on strategies of alleviating job burnout of medical staff in Nanchong based on social support theory

[目的]探索分析基于社会支持理论缓解南充市医务人员职业倦怠的策略。[方法]采用分层抽样的方法抽取南充市10家医院514名医务人员作为研究对象,利用《中国职业倦怠量表》《社会支持评定量表》及自制的一般情况调查表进行问卷调查,采用χ^(2)检验、偏相关分析、协方差分析及Logistic回归分析等探究缓解职业倦怠的策略。[结果]参与调查的514名南充市医务人员职业倦怠总均分为(41.2±12.45)分,检出率为49.8%。χ^(2)检验分析发现,职业倦怠检出率男性高于女性、大专及以下学历者高于本科及以上者、二级医院工作者高于三级医院工作者、日均睡眠时间≤6h者高于≥7h者、对薪酬体系不满意者高于满意者,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。偏相关分析发现,社会支持与职业倦怠呈负相关(P<0.01)。Logistic回归显示,低社会支持(OR=0.530)、男性(OR=0.529)、大专及以下学历(OR=0.623)、二级医院上班(OR=0.468)、对薪酬体系不满意(OR=0.476)是医务人员职业倦怠的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。[结论]南充市医务人员职业倦怠水平较高,社会支持具有负向预测作用,性别、学历、医院等级、薪酬体系满意度是影响医务人员职业倦怠的主要影响因素。

Objective To explore and analyze the strategies of alleviating job burnout of medical staff in Nanchong city based on social support theory.Methods 514 medical staff from ten hospitals in Nanchong were selected as the research objects by stratified sampling.A questionnaire survey was conducted by using the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory(CMBI),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)and self-made General Situation Questionnaire.Chi-square test,partial correlation analysis,covariance analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the strategies to alleviate job burnout.Results The average score of 514 medical staff’s job burnout in Nanchong was(41.2±12.45),and the detection rate was 49.8%.Chi-square test analysis showed that the detection rate of job burnout in males was higher than that in females,those with college degree or below were higher than those with bachelor degree or above,those in secondary hospitals were higher than those in tertiary hospitals,those with daily sleep time≤6h were higher than that with≥7h,and those with dissatisfaction with salary system were higher than that with satisfaction.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Partial correlation analysis found that social support was negatively correlated with job burnout(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that low social support(OR=0.530),male(OR=0.529),college degree or below(OR=0.623),working in secondary hospitals(OR=0.468),dissatisfaction with the salary system(OR=0.476)were independent risk factors of job burnout of medical staff(P<0.05).Conclusions The level of job burnout of medical staff in Nanchong is high.Social support has a negative predictive effect.Gender,education,hospital level and satisfaction about salary system are the main influencing factors of job burnout of medical staff.