我国污泥处理处置技术发展历程

Development History of Sludge Treatment and Disposal Technology in China

主要介绍我国污泥处理处置现状和政策,污泥处理处置的技术发展历程。我国污泥处理处置技术主要是污水厂浓缩、脱水、干化处理技术到末端填埋、土地利用、焚烧和建材利用处置。污泥浓缩脱水是指采用重力、气浮或机械等方式将污水厂污泥含水率降至80%左右。污泥处理方式主要有厌氧消化、好氧发酵、污泥热干化、机械深度脱水、碱稳定法,以及新型的微生物蛋白提取、热解气化、超临界水氧化等。污泥处置方式一般为填埋、土地利用、建材利用、污泥焚烧以及其他资源化方式,如污泥碳化等。阐述有关污泥处理处置项目中的方案设计参数,对比有关污泥处理处置技术的优缺点。结合实际情况,因地制宜的为我国不同地区的污泥处理处置项目方案编写提供借鉴。

This article mainly introduces the current situation and policies of sludge treatment and disposal in China,as well as the technological development process of sludge treatment and disposal.The main technologies for sludge treatment and disposal in China include concentration,dehydration,and drying in sewage treatment plants,as well as end-of-life landfill,land use,incineration,and building material utilization and disposal.Sludge thickening and dehydration refers to the use of gravity,air flotation,or mechanical methods to reduce the water content of sewage plant sludge to around 80%.The main methods of sludge treatment include anaerobic digestion,aerobic fermentation,sludge thermal drying,mechanical deep dehydration,alkali stabilization,as well as new microbial protein extraction,pyrolysis gasification,supercritical water oxidation,etc.The sludge disposal methods generally include landfill,land use,building material utilization,sludge incineration,and other resource utilization methods,such as sludge carbonization.Elaborate on the design parameters of sludge treatment and disposal projects,and compare the advantages and disadvantages of sludge treatment and disposal technologies.Based on the actual situation,this paper provides reference for the preparation of sludge treatment and disposal project plans in different regions of China according to local conditions.