小麦和玉米秸秆全量还田替代化肥潜力测算

Potential of Replacing Synthetic Fertilizer under Wheat and Corn Straw Returning in Shandong Province

山东省是我国粮食主产区,测算其主要粮食作物小麦和玉米秸秆氮磷钾养分资源量及全量还田利用潜力,可以为山东省小麦和玉米秸秆养分资源合理利用和秸秆还田条件下化肥配施提供科学参考依据。基于2019—2021年山东省统计年鉴数据和文献资料,对山东省各地级市小麦和玉米的播种面积、秸秆产量、秸秆氮磷钾养分资源量和秸秆全量还田的化肥替代潜力进行测算。结果表明:2019—2021年山东省小麦、玉米年均播种面积分别为397.67、387.15万hm^(2),秸秆年均总产量分别为3 465.43、3 165.80万t;小麦秸秆氮磷钾养分资源总量年均分别为11.29、3.94、39.21万t,玉米秸秆氮磷钾养分资源总量年均分别为15.74、7.94、38.16万t;小麦秸秆全量还田当季平均可替代氮肥量为28.38 kg/hm^(2)、平均可替代磷肥量为9.90 kg/hm^(2)、平均可替代钾肥量为98.59 kg/hm^(2),玉米秸秆全量还田当季平均可替代氮肥量为40.65 kg/hm^(2)、平均可替代磷肥量为20.51 kg/hm^(2)、平均可替代钾肥量为98.57 kg/hm^(2)。山东省小麦、玉米秸秆养分资源量较大,合理充分利用秸秆养分资源是实现化肥减施的重要途径。

Shandong is a major grain-producing province in China.Evaluating the nutrient resources of wheat and corn straw and their potential for replacing synthetic fertilizers through full straw incorporation can provide effective reference for the reasonable use of straw nutrients and reducing synthetic fertilizer application.Based on data from the 2019—2021 Shandong Statistical Yearbooks and relevant literature,this study estimated the sown area,straw yield,nutrient resources of straw,and the potential of straw incorporation for fertilizer substitution in different cities of Shandong Province.The results showed that from 2019 to 2021,the average annual sown area of wheat and corn in Shandong Province was 3.9767 million hectares and 3.8715 million hectares,respectively.The average annual straw yield was 34.6543 million tons for wheat and 31.6580 million tons for corn.The average annual nutrient resources from wheat straw were 112900 tons of nitrogen,39400 tons of phosphorus,and 392100 tons of potassium,while those from corn straw were 157400 tons of nitrogen,79400 tons of phosphorus,and 381600 tons of potassium.Full straw incorporation could replace an average of 28.38 kg/hm2 of nitrogen,9.90 kg/hm2 of phosphorus,and 98.59 kg/hm2 of potassium for wheat straw,and 40.65 kg/hm2 of nitrogen,20.51 kg/hm2 of phosphorus,and 98.57 kg/hm2 of potassium for corn straw.The nutrient resources from wheat and corn straw in Shandong Province are substantial,and their effective utilization is crucial for reducing synthetic fertilizer usage.