近10年我国煤与瓦斯突出事故统计规律与动力效应特征分析

Analysis of the statistical laws and dynamic effect characteristics of coal and gas outburst accidents in China in recent 10 years

挖掘历史事故案例特征可为准确认识煤与瓦斯突出机理及灾害防控预警提供更多支撑。分析近10年发生的煤与瓦斯突出事故统计数据尤其是较大及以上事故案例,探究突出发生规律及动力效应特征。结果表明:近年来重大以上突出事故基本杜绝,但事故死亡人数占煤矿事故总死亡人数的比例仍较高,其平均死亡人数为煤矿事故的2.9倍;事故发生地点以煤层平巷为主,占比为43.2%;综掘机割煤作业时诱导突出事故比例显著上升,近5年占比为57.0%;与其他地质构造相比,断层、煤层厚度变化易导致突出发生,褶曲构造附近的平均突出强度最大,其中38起事故平均突出强度与瓦斯涌出量分别为521.34 t、3.55万m^(3),重大及以上事故突出强度与吨煤瓦斯涌出量均呈波动减小趋势;钻孔喷孔是最为常见的突出预兆,合理利用钻孔信息进行灾害探测及预警是重要的发展方向。证实了突出动力效应在巷道空间发展演化的3个阶段,瓦斯逆流不仅会通过防突风门进入进风巷,也可能会沿回风路线进入其他采掘作业面。

The excavation of historical accident cases characteristics can improve the understanding of the outburst mechanism and contribute the disaster prevention and control practice.This paper analyzed the patterns and dynamic characteristics of coal and gas outburst accidents by collecting statistical data which occurred in the past ten years.The results show that,in recent years,major outburst accident had been basically eliminated.However,the proportion of casualties by outburst accidents out of the total number of coal mine accidents remains high.The average number of deaths in outburst accidents being 2.9 times that of the average coal mine accidents.The locations of accidents are mainly on coal seam roadways,which account for 43.2%.The outburst accidents induced by coal cutting with fully mechanized excavators has increased significantly by around 57.0% in the past five years.Compared with other geological structures,the faults and changes in coal thickness are more likely to triger outburst accidents.The average outburst intensity near a fold structure is the highest.The average outburst intensity and gas emission of 38 accidents are 521.34 t and 35500 m^(3) respectively.As the data suggests,the outburst intensity and gas emission per ton of coal in the major outburst accidents both showed a fluctuating downward trend.Borehole spraying is the most common indicator of outbursts,and rational utilization of borehole information for disaster detection and early warning is an important development direction.The three stages of the development and evolution of outburst dynamic effects in roadway space have been confirmed.Gas counterflow can not only occur through the outburst prevention airlocks into the intake roadway,but may also enter other mining and excavation working faces along the return air route.