频率、结构类型及语言水平对汉语二语词语搭配加工的影响

The effects of frequency,structure type and language level on collocation processing in Chinese as a second language

本研究采用在线可接受性判断任务,以汉语母语者作为参照,探究搭配频率、结构类型及语言水平对汉语二语学习者词语搭配加工的影响。混合效应模型显示:频率、结构类型和语言水平均会对汉语学习者的二语词语搭配加工产生影响。1)汉语母语者与高级、中级水平二语学习者加工高频搭配均比低频搭配更快,准确率更高,说明与母语者相同,不同语言水平的汉语二语学习者对词语搭配也具有加工优势;2)不同受试对不同结构类型的词语搭配加工速度各有不同:汉语母语者为动宾式>并列式>主谓式>偏正式;汉语二语学习者为动宾式>主谓式>偏正式>并列式,说明不同的搭配结构类型可能激活不同的认知策略和加工路径,因此对加工效率产生影响;3)语言水平与搭配频率交互作用显著,即频率效应对不同语言水平受试词语搭配加工的影响程度不同,语言水平越高,频率效应显著性水平越高,母语者的词语搭配加工优势比二语学习者更大,高级水平二语学习者的加工优势比中级水平二语学习者更大。

The present study used an online acceptability judgement task to investigate the effects of collocation frequency,structure type and language level on Chinese L2 learners' collocation processing,with native Chinese speakers as reference.The mixed-effects model shows that frequency,structure type and language level all affected L2 learners' processing of collocations.First,native speakers and advanced and intermediate L2 learners processed high-frequency collocations faster than low-frequency collocations with higher accuracies,which indicated that L2 learners with different language levels enjoyed an advantage of collocation processing in the same way as native speakers.Second,the processing speed of collocations of different structure types varied among subjects:verb-object>coordination>subject-predicate>modifier-head for native speakers;verb-object>subject-predicate>modifier-head>coordination for L2 learners,suggesting that different collocation types may activate different cognitive strategies and processing paths,thus impacting processing efficiency.Third,there was a significant interaction effect between language proficiency and collocation frequency;that is,the frequency effect had a significant impact on the processing efficiency of collocations in subjects with different language levels.The higher the language level,the higher the significance level of the frequency effect;specifically,native speakers had a greater processing advantage of collocations over L2 learners,and so did advanced level L2 learners over intermediate level L2 learners.