新型农村社会养老保险对家庭财务脆弱性的影响

The Influence of New Rural Social Pension Insurance on Family Financial Fragility

为探讨新型农村社会养老保险这项社会保障政策在家庭经济风险防范中的作用,本文使用2017—2021年中国家庭金融调查数据分析新农保对家庭财务脆弱性的影响。研究发现,新农保可以显著缓解家庭财务脆弱性。机制分析结果显示,领取新农保和领取新农保人数增加可以帮助家庭抵御医疗风险和健康风险对家庭财务脆弱性的负向影响,也可能通过改善居民心理健康状况和促进土地流转降低家庭财务脆弱性。进一步分析结果表明,家庭领取新农保能够显著增加家庭收入、流动性资产和医疗保健支出,但是对日常消费和债务支出并没有显著的影响,从而降低家庭财务脆弱性。异质性分析结果显示,领取新农保对生活在农村的家庭、老年家庭、社会网络较低家庭和未参与商业医疗保险家庭的财务脆弱性缓解作用更大。本文可为人口老龄化、农村养老、农村家庭风险防范和农村社会保障制度建设相关政策的制定提供参考。

In order to explore the role of the new rural social pension insurance,a social security policy,in the prevention of family economic risks,this paper analyzes the impact of the new rural social pension insurance on family financial vulnerability by using the survey data of Chinese family finance from 2017 to 2021.In order to solve the endogenous problems,this paper uses fixed effect model and instrumental variable method to estimate.Empirical research shows that the new rural social pension insurance can significantly alleviate the financial fragility of families.The results of mechanism analysis show that the increase in the number of people receiving new rural social pension insurance and new rural social pension insurance can help families resist the negative impact of medical risks and health risks on family financial vulnerability,and may also reduce family financial vulnerability by improving residents' mental health and promoting land transfer.The results of further analysis show that families can significantly increase family income,liquid assets and medical and health care expenditure,but have no significant impact on daily consumption and debt expenditure,thus reducing family financial vulnerability.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that receiving the new rural social pension insurance has a greater effect on alleviating the financial vulnerability of families living in rural areas,elderly families,families with low social networks and families not participating in commercial medical insurance.This paper can provide reference for the formulation of policies related to population aging,rural pension,rural family risk prevention and rural social security system construction.