汉代墓门羊首浮雕研究

Study of Ram-Headed Relief Sculptures on Han Dynasty Tomb Doors

汉代墓葬中常在墓门门楣处装饰羊首浮雕。汉代羊首浮雕出现在西汉晚期。东汉中后期以来,在山东及周边地区以笼头装饰的羊首浮雕大量出现,是骑羊与羊车的象征。墓门使用羊首浮雕,与汉代门上悬挂羊首的风俗有关。通过比对墓门羊首浮雕、地上圆雕石羊、骑羊与羊车图像等材料,可知墓门羊首浮雕是仙人骑羊的符号化象征。墓门羊首浮雕不仅有吉祥辟邪之意,也是当时神仙思想的表达。

In Han dynasty tombs,ram's head reliefs are often found decorating the lintels of tomb gates.These reliefs first appeared in the late Western Han period.From the mid to late Eastern Han period onwards,ram's head reliefs with halters became prevalent in Shandong and surrounding regions,symbolizing riding on rams and ram-drawn carriages.The use of ram's head reliefs on tomb gates is linked to the Han custom of hanging ram heads on doors.By comparing tomb gate ram's head reliefs with freestanding stone ram sculptures,images of riding on rams,and ram-drawn carriages,it can be concluded that these reliefs symbolically represent immortals riding on rams.The ram's head reliefs on tomb gates not only convey auspicious and protective meanings but also express the contemporary belief in immortality.