半两钱铸造工艺复原研究

Research on the Casting Technique of Half-Tael Coins Based on Excavated Coin Molds and Simulation Experiments

考古发现的半两钱范种类丰富,不仅有范模与铸范之分,材质上也存在陶质、石质、金属质三种类型。通过对半两钱范的研究可以发现:半两钱主要使用范铸法进行铸造,具体流程包括“祖模→范模→铸范”三个阶段,而不同功能、材质的半两钱范在铸钱流程中也是各有差异。范铸法包括块范竖式浇铸与叠铸,半两钱在以块范竖式铸钱为主的同时,叠铸也于西汉时期出现,是我国古代铸钱工艺发展与进步的重要体现。

There are abundant types of Ban Liang coin-minting models and molds found in archeology,not only can be divided into master patterns and casting molds,but also three types of materials:pottery,stone and metal.Through the study of Ban Liang coin-minting models,it can be seen that the casting process of Ban Liang coins is the coin casting with hard molds,which has experienced the casting process of'ancestral patterns→master patterns→casting molds',and the different functions and materials of Ban Liang coins are also different in the casting process.The coin casting with hard molds includes vertical coin casting with block molds and coin casting with overlaped pottery molds.While the Ban Liang coin casting is mainly based on the vertical coin casting with block molds,the coin casting with overlaped pottery molds also appeared in the Western Han Dynasty,which is an important manifestation of the development of China's coin casting process.