湖北随州叶家山墓地M27出土铜器科学分析研究

Scientific Analysis Research on the Bronze Artifacts Excavated from Tomb M27 at Yejiashan Cemetery in Suizhou,Hubei Province

本文通过科技检测手段对叶家山M27出土铜器进行了分析。结果表明,17件容器类器物中,有9件锡青铜,8件铅锡青铜;成组合的器物有些是分别制作的,有些是使用相同配比的金属料制作的。这批铜器制作全部采用铸造工艺,有铸造、铸后受热两种组织形态,其中有8件器物本体样品显示为铸态组织,有9件为铸后受热组织。经分析的9件铜容器样品中所含的铅均为普通铅;戈父癸簋M27∶28纹饰、造型和铅同位素比值特征,可以判定其是通过掠夺、受赐、“分器”、賵赙等方式流通到叶家山M27的;其他器物分属A类和C类普通铅的范畴,其他族属铭文铜器中,一部分器物使用了与曾国铜器相同或相似的矿料,另一部分器物与曾国铜器使用的矿料不同,体现了西周早中期青铜物料流通方面的重要信息,部分是以器物组的形式流通的。部分器物使用了低熔点焊料焊接技术。

This paper analyzes the bronze wares unearthed from Yejiashan M27 through scientific and technological detection methods.The results show that among the 17 containers,there are 9 pieces of tin bronze and 8 pieces of lead-tin bronze;some of the assembled utensils are made separately,and some are made of the same ratio of metal materials.This batch of bronze wares was made by casting technology and had two types of microstructures:casting and heating-after-casting.Among them,8 samples of the utensil body showed the after-cast microstructure,and 9 pieces were heated after casting.The lead contained in the 9 bronze container samples analyzed is all common lead;the decoration,modeling,and lead isotope ratio characteristics of Gefugui Gui M27:28 indicate that they were circulated to M27 in Yejiashan through plundering,gifting,"dividing vessels",buying and other methods.Other utensils belong to the category of common lead of class A and class C,and among the inscription copper wares of other clans,some utensils used the same or similar mineral materials as Zengguo bronze wares,while others used different minerals,which reflect important information on the circulation of bronze materials in the early and middle Western Zhou Dynasty,and some of them circulated in sets.Some utensils used low-melting-point solder technology.