工业生产集中与共同富裕:基于政治经济学的研究

Industrial Production Concentration and Common Prosperity:A Study Based on Political Economy

中国式现代化要求在高质量发展中扎实推进共同富裕。工业以其规模经济特征促进生产效率提升,同时也影响劳动收入份额,于是有必要考察工业生产集中对共同富裕的影响。本文基于政治经济学原理,从微观与宏观两个视角进行理论分析并提供经验证据。在微观视角下,随着国有及规模以上工业企业生产集中,劳动收入份额下降且人均工资上升,并且生产效率构成工业生产集中影响劳动收入份额的中介机制。在宏观视角下,国有和规模以上工业企业的生产集中将缩小行业工资差异,规模以下企业则具有更高劳动收入份额,工业生产集中还将推动劳动力从工业部门向第三产业转移。因此工业生产集中虽然会导致企业劳动收入份额下降,但有利于经济整体实现共同富裕。此外,本文还从所有制、政府与市场关系以及竞争政策方面提出兼顾效率提升与共同富裕的政策建议。

The promotion of common prosperity in high quality development represents a fundamental aspect of Chinese-style modernization.As industry facilitates production efficiency and affects the share of labor income through economies of scale,it is imperative to assess the impact of industrial production concentration on common prosperity.In this regard,this article provides theoretical analysis and empirical evidence from both micro and macro perspectives based on the principles of political economy.From a micro perspective,as the level of production concentration increases,state-owned and abovescale industrial enterprises experience a decrease in the labor share and an increase in per capita wages.The industrial production concentration affects the labor share through an intermediate mechanism involving production efficiency.From a macro perspective,the production concentration in state-owned and above-scale industrial enterprises will narrow the wage gap across industries,while below-scale enterprises will have a higher labor share.Moreover,the concentration of industrial production will also promote the transfer of labor from the industrial sector to the tertiary sector.Therefore,although the concentration of industrial production will lead to a decline in the labor share of enterprises,it is conducive to the overall economy to achieve common prosperity.Furthermore,this paper presents policy recommendations to achieve a balance between efficiency improvement and common prosperity,with regard to the ownership system,the government-market relationship and competition policy.