2012—2022年元谋县炭疽流行特征分析

Epidemic characteristics of anthrax in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022

目的 分析2012—2022年元谋县炭疽流行病学特征,为防控工作提供科学依据。方法 使用Excel 2007和SPSS 11.5软件对2012—2022年元谋县炭疽临床诊断病例和确诊病例进行描述性分析。相关性分析采用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2012—2022年元谋县共报告炭疽病例32例,均为皮肤炭疽。炭疽年平均发病率为1.36/10万,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.78,P<0.001)。发病呈季节性分布,病例主要集中在5至11月。病例呈地域性分布,集中在5个乡镇发病,不同地区发病差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=124.00,P<0.001)。炭疽病例职业均为农民。男性25例,女性7例,男女性别比为3.57∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.25,P<0.001)。发病人群以30~59岁青壮年为主,不同年龄组发病差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=108.00,P<0.001)。感染方式均为接触感染,28例为剐剥病死牛羊而感染,4例为喂养羊只时接触感染,剐剥接触感染明显高于喂养接触感染,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.00,P<0.001)。感染部位为手指22例、手背5例、上肢前臂4例和脚背1例。不同感染部位发病差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=968.00,P<0.001)。累计发生突发公共卫生事件1起,聚集性疫情2起。结论 元谋县炭疽疫情总体形势较重,炭疽疫源地持续存在。应加强畜牧部门与卫健部门的联防联控,加强畜间疫情监测工作,及时发现畜间疫情;加强健康教育宣传,提高群众的防病意识。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control.Methods Excel 2007and SPSS 11.5 software were used to analyze the clinical and confirmed cases of anthrax in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022.Correlation analysis was conducted by using χ^(2)test,the test level α=0.05.Results A total of 32 cases of anthrax were reported in Yuanmou County from 2012to 2022,all of which were cutaneous anthrax.The average annual incidence of anthrax was 1.36/105,with statistically significant difference among different years (χ^(2)=13.78,P<0.001).The incidence was seasonal,with cases mainly concentrated from May to November.The cases were distributed regionally and concentrated in 5 townships,with significant differences among different regions(χ^(2)=124.00,P<0.001).The anthrax cases were all farmers.There were 25 males and 7 females,with a sex ratio of 3.57∶1,and the difference was statistically significant (χ^(2)=20.25,P<0.001).The majority of the patients were young adults aged 30-59 years,and there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence among different age groups (χ^(2)=108.00,P<0.001).The infection mode was contact infection,28 cases were infected by cutting dead cattle and sheep,and4 cases were infected by feeding sheep,and the contact infection by cutting was significantly higher than that by feeding,with statistical significance (χ^(2)=36.00,P<0.001).The infected sites were fingers in 22 cases,back of hand in 5 cases,upper forearm in 4 cases and instep in 1 case.The differences between incidence of different infection sites was considered statistically significant(χ^(2)=968.00,P<0.001).A total of 1 public health emergency and 2 cluster outbreaks occurred.Conclusions The overall situation of anthrax epidemic in Yuanmou County is serious,and the anthrax epidemic focus site exist persistently.The joint prevention and control between animal husbandry department and health department should be strengthened.The surveillance of the epidemic among animals should be strengthened,and the epidemic among animals should be detected timely.Health education and publicity should be strengthened,and the public′s awareness of disease prevention should be improved.