2012—2021年四川省学校肺结核疫情流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis for pulmonary tuberculosis among schools in Sichusn Province from 2012 to 2021

目的 了解2012—2021年四川省学生和教师肺结核疫情流行特征,为进一步提升学校结核病监测和防控能力提供参考依据。方法 从结核病管理信息系统中导出2012—2021年四川省学生和教师的肺结核病案信息,收集《四川省统计年鉴》中有关学生、教师人口的数据。采用WPS 2019软件进行数据整理和图表制作。采用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料采用构成比或百分率(%)进行描述,趋势分析进行趋势χ^(2)检验,组间差异比较采用χ^(2)检验。检验水准α为0.05。结果 2012—2021年四川省共登记学生肺结核患者31 771例,教师肺结核患者2 454例。2021年学生肺结核登记率为30.80/10万,较2012年的21.17/10万上升了9.63/10万,变化趋势有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=3 893.517,P<0.001);2021年教师肺结核登记率为28.13/10万,较2012年的41.63/10万下降了13.50/10万,变化趋势有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=57.087,P<0.001)。不同性别、民族、患者来源、病原学结果、治疗类型的学生和教师肺结核患者构成差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论 2012—2021年四川省学生肺结核疫情呈上升趋势,教师肺结核疫情呈先下降后上升趋势,民族地区的学生和教师肺结核疫情较严重,应进一步规范开展结核病筛查工作。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among students and teachers in Sichuan Province during 2012 to 2021,in order to provide a reference for the effective epidemic control of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools.Methods The epidemic data and population data of students and teachers with pulmonary tuberculosis from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of Infection Diseases Reporting System and Statistical Yearbook of Sichuan Province.WPS 2019 software was used to organize data and make charts.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Statistical data were described by proportion or percentage(%),trend analysis was performed by Chi-square trend test,and differences between groups were compared by Chi-square test.The test level α was 0.05.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 31 771 students pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 2 452 cases of teachers were registered in Sichuan Province.In 2021,the registration rate of tuberculosis among students in Sichuan Province was 30.80/105,it increased by 9.63/10~5compared with 2012 of 21.17/10~5,and the difference was statistically significant (χ_(trend)^(2)=3 893.517,P<0.001).The registration rate of tuberculosis among teachers in Sichuan Province was 28.13/105,it decreased by 13.50/105compared with 2012 of 41.63/105,and the difference was statistically significant (χ_(trend)^(2)=57.087,P<0.001).There were significant differences in the composition of pulmonary tuberculosis patients among students and teachers with different genders,nationalities,patient sources,etiological results and treatment classifications(all P<0.001).Conclusions From 2012 to 2021,the epidemic pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in students had a rising trend,a falling-rising trend in teachers.The epidemic situation was more serious.The physical examination of tuberculosis should be further standardized.