高新技术产业集聚与制造业核心竞争力——以国家高新区建设为例

The Agglomeration of High-tech Industries and the Core Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry---Evidence from Construction of National High-tech Zone

装备制造业高质量发展是我国制造业核心竞争能力的关键体现。本文以国家级高新区设立为准自然实验,采用渐进式双重差分模型实证检验了高新技术产业集聚是否促进了我国制造业的核心竞争力。本文研究结果表明:与没有设立国家级高新区的城市相比,国家级高新区所带来的高新技术产业集聚显著促进区域内装备制造业的技术创新数量与质量,该促进作用在东部地区、中部地区及非资源型城市中更为明显,但西部地区、东北地区以及资源型城市的国家级高新区建设并不能带来相同的功效。机制检验发现,东部与中部地区的国家级高新区通过集聚人力资本、优化产业结构渠道对装备制造业技术创新产生积极影响,但西部地区以及东北地区的国家级高新区难以形成人力资本集聚效应与产业结构优化效应,从而导致高新技术产业集聚无法有效赋能制造业核心竞争力升级。

The high-quality development of the equipment manufacturing industry is a critical manifestation of the core competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry.Taking the establishment of national high-tech zones as a quasi-natural experiment,a staggered difference-in-differences model was used to empirically test whether high-tech industrial agglomeration promotes the core competitiveness of China’s manufacturing industry.The research found that compared with cities without national high-tech zones,the agglomeration of high-tech industries brought by national high-tech zones significantly promoted the increase in the quantity and quality of technological innovation in the equipment manufacturing industry in the region.The construction of national high-tech zones shows an obvious effect in the eastern region,central region,and non-resource-based cities,on contrast,it cannot bring the same effect in the western region,northeast region,and resource-based cities cannot bring the same effect.The mechanism test found that the national high-tech zones in the eastern and central regions have a positive impact on the technological innovation of the equipment manufacturing industry by gathering human capital and optimizing the industrial structure,but the national high-tech zones in the western region and the northeastern region are difficult to form the effect of human capital agglomeration and the optimization effect of the industrial structure,which results in the high-tech industry agglomeration can not be effectively empowered by the upgrading of the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.