论中国传统音乐中多彩的调式音阶

On the Colorful Modal Scales in Chinese Traditional Music

谐音列是世界各民族旋律构成的共同物理基础,而各民族在旋律与旋法上的特殊规律则反映出其特定的文化与历史选择,并以调式结构与音阶形态体现出来。中国传统音乐在长期的历史发展过程中形成了简单而多彩的调式音阶体系,其以五声调式为基础通过变凡的方式形成六声、七声乃至九声音阶,通过11与13化“跃迁”形成各种中立音调式。文章以五度相生调式理论为基础,用五度链作为分析表述工具,把文献记载与民间传承中的理论话语与民间乐语转化成现代乐理概念,将隐藏于旋律底层的物质属性与调式结构力深入剖析出来,展现出我国传统音乐中独特而丰富的调式音阶特征,由此为当代音乐创作的“中国性”提供用之不竭的传统泉源。

The harmonic series is the common physical basis of the melodic composition of all nationalities in the world,while the special rules of melody and melodic method of each nationality reflect their specific cultural and historical choices,which are embodied in the tonal structure and scale forms.Chinese traditional music has formed a simple,yet colorful modal scale system in the process of a long historical development which is based on the pentatonic scale and forms the hexatonic,septatonic and even enneatonic(also called nonatonic)scales by means of bianfan(变凡),and various neutral tonal modes are formed through the“transition”of prime numbers 11 and 13.Based on the theory of the mode system of the circle of fifth modulation and using the fifth chain as an analytical tool,the article transforms the theoretical discourse in ancient literature and terms in folk music practice into modern music theory concepts,and it analyses the material properties and modal structural force hidden in the underlying melody,thus showing the unique and rich modal scale characteristics of China's traditional music.Consequently,the article provides invaluable information of an inexhaustible traditional source for applications of the contemporary musical creation of Chineseness.