大弦戏弦索腔“细曲”的音乐结构与曲调派生

The Musical Structure and Melodic Derivation of Xiqu(Fune Tunes)in Xiansuoqiang of Daxian Opera

大弦戏是弦索声腔的代表性剧种,其唱腔曲牌有粗、细之分。细曲风格典雅,具有“散序—拍序—交句—入变—煞尾”较为稳定的音乐结构,粗曲短小通俗,多由细曲派生。这些曲牌常与南北曲同名,却在唱词格律、旋律音调等方面表现出不同于南北曲的特质,并在粗、细曲牌间建立起共同的音乐“基因”,体现出弦索声腔曲牌的独特面貌。该剧种保存了极有价值的民间乐语与古老的音乐样态,是我国戏曲音乐的宝贵财富。

Daxian opera is a representative type of Xiansuoqiang with its vocal melodic models(Qupai)categorized into coarse and fine tunes.The style of fine tunes is characterized by elegance and a stable musical structure,including the introduction with free meter,part with regular meter,alternating part of the phrase,part with changing meter,and finally the coda.Coarse tunes are short and popular,often derived from fine tunes.These melodic models share the same names with Southern and Northern tunes but differ in term of lyrics,rhythm,melody and tone.They thus establish a common musical“gene”between coarse and fine tunes,reflecting unique features of Xiansuoqiang melodic models.This genre of opera has preserved valuable folk music idioms and ancient music patterns which are precious wealth of Chinese opera music.