盐、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻产量和品质形成影响的研究进展

Research Progress in the Effect of Salinity,Drought,and Their Combined Stresses on Rice Yield and Quality Formation

滨海盐碱地水稻生产受限于淡水资源和水利基础设施,盐害和干旱往往交织出现,极易遭受盐−旱复合胁迫,严重制约了滨海盐碱地水稻丰产优质目标的实现。全面剖析盐、干旱胁迫及其复合胁迫对水稻产量和品质形成的影响及其生理机制,可为滨海盐碱地水稻高产与品质调优栽培提供科学支撑。本文概述了盐、干旱及其复合胁迫对水稻生长发育、产量形成和稻米品质的影响,从渗透调节、离子平衡、光合作用、抗氧化酶系统、内源激素、蔗糖-淀粉代谢关键酶活性和分子机制等方面阐述其影响水稻产量和品质形成的作用机制,从耐盐耐旱品种选育及栽培调控等方面提出了减轻水稻盐/干旱胁迫的调控措施,为今后深入开展水稻耐盐和干旱的研究提出建议。

The production of rice in coastal saline-alkali lands is constrained by limited freshwater resources and water infrastructure.The presence of salinity damage and drought,often occurring together,renders rice production in these areas highly susceptible to combined salinity-drought stress,significantly impeding the attainment of high yield and quality in rice in coastal saline-alkali lands.A comprehensive analysis of the impacts of salinity damage,drought,and their combined stresses on rice yield and quality formation,along with their physiological mechanisms,can offer scientific backing for optimizing high-yield and quality rice cultivation in coastal saline-alkali lands.This article presents an overview of the effects of salinity damage,drought,and their combined stresses on the growth,development,yield formation,and grain quality of rice.The mechanisms underlying their influence on rice yield and quality formation are elucidated,focusing on osmotic regulation,ion balance,photosynthetic functions,antioxidant enzyme systems,endogenous hormones,key enzyme activities related to sucrose-starch metabolism,and molecular mechanisms.Recommendations are provided for the selection of salinity-and drought-tolerant varieties,as well as cultivation practices to mitigate salinity and drought stress in rice.Lastly,suggestions are proposed for further research on salinity and drought stress in rice.