稀土选矿药剂研究现状及展望

Rare Earth Mineral Processing Technology

稀土拥有一系列优异的物理化学性质,在众多领域均有重要应用,是中国、美国、日本、澳大利亚等众多国家公认的关键矿产资源。然而稀土矿物种类繁多、品位低,常与性质相似的脉石矿物紧密共生,其选矿富集很大程度依赖于稀土选矿药剂的发展。本文以稀土资源高效选矿富集为导向,总结了矿物型稀土矿浮选药剂,含捕收剂、抑制剂、活化剂、起泡剂的研发现状及其浮选作用机理,概述了离子型稀土矿化学选矿试剂,含浸出剂、沉淀剂的研究现状及其浸矿机理,并总结和评价了当前稀土浮选捕收剂现状,最后分析了未来稀土选矿药剂的研究方向。本综述将为从事稀土选矿和分离富集技术研究或相关药剂研发的企业和工作人员提供参考。

Rare earths have excellent physicochemical properties and have important applications in a wide range of fields,and always been recognized as a key mineral resource by many major countries,including China,the United States,Japan and Australia.However,rare earth raw minerals are diverse,low grade,often closely coexist with gangue minerals of similar nature,and its beneficiation and enrichment relies heavily on the development of the reagents on rare earth mineral processing technology.In this review,the research and development status of mineral-based rare earth ore flotation reagents,including collecting agents(hydroxamic acid,fatty acid,phosphoric acid and others),foaming agents(2#oil and others),modifying agents(depressants,activators)and their flotation mechanism are described.The innovation of chemical mineral processing reagents for ion-adsorption type rare earths ores,including leaching agents,and precipitation regents are summarized.In particular,this review pays special attention to the rare earth flotation collectors,especially for hydroxamic acid which is the current mainstream collector,and this review also provides a more detailed description of the capture mechanism of hydroxamic acid as well as the synthesis route.And at the end of this review,it also points out the future research direction of the reagents on rare earth mineral processing technology should be toward the higher selectivity,higher recovery,and more environmental friendliness.This review provides some useful reference for enterprises or personnel who are engaged in the rare earth mineral processing or related pharmaceuticals.