我国高等职业教育财政投入演变与省际差异研究——基于2012-2021年全国31省份的面板数据

Research on the Evolution and Inter-provincial Differences of Financial Investment in Higher Vocational Education in China--Based on Panel Data of 31 Provinces between 2012 and 2021

以我国31个省份2012-2021年的面板数据为基础,探讨我国高职教育投入基本情况、省际差异变化趋势与发展现状,并进一步探索高职财政投入省际差异的影响因素。研究结果表明:我国高职教育财政投入总量逐年增加,省际差异一直存在但总体呈波动缩小趋势;高职财政投入总体差异主要来源于东、中、西地区内部差异,其中东、西部地区内部差异是影响地区内部差异的主要因素;目前,我国高职教育存在各省份生均预算内经费不均衡、在校生规模与产业结构发展不适应、经济发展水平与高职财政投入不匹配的问题。基于此,我国应加大中央政府对高职院校的财政投入总量,优化高职教育财政转移支付机制;强化地方政府发展高职教育的责任,缩小高职院校生均经费的投入差距;结合区域经济与产业发展优化高职院校发展路径,提升院校资源筹措能力。

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China between 2012 and 2021, this research discusses the basic situation of China's higher vocational education investment, the changing trend and development status of inter-provincial differences, and further explores the influencing factors of inter-provincial differences in higher vocational financial investment. The results show that the total financial investment in higher vocational education in China is increasing year by year, and the inter-provincial differences have always existed but generally fluctuated and narrowed. The overall difference in higher vocational financial investment mainly comes from the internal differences in the eastern, central and western regions, and the internal differences between the eastern and western regions are the determinants of regional disparities. At present, there are problems in China's higher vocational education in various provinces, such as the imbalance in the budget of each province, the incompatibility between the scale of students and the development of industrial structure,and the mismatch between the level of economic development and the financial investment of higher vocational education. Based on this,China should increase the central government's financial investment support for higher vocational colleges and optimize the financial transfer payment mechanism for higher vocational education;strengthen the responsibility of local governments to develop higher vocational education, and narrow the gap in the investment of per capita funding for higher vocational colleges;optimize the development path of higher vocational colleges in combination with regional economic and industrial development, and improve the resource mobilization capacity of colleges and universities.