危险作业罪中“现实危险”的理解与适用——以X市Y县检察机关危险作业罪办理情况为例

Understanding and Applicability of"Real Hazards"in the Hazardous Operation Crime--Taking the Handling Situation of Hazardous Operation Crime in the Prosecutor's Office of Y County,X City as an Example

作为《刑法修正案(十一)》新增罪名,危险作业罪首次使用了“现实危险”这一概念,打破了安全生产类犯罪只惩罚实害结果犯的模式,将尚未造成实害后果但具有现实危险性的行为规定为犯罪。危险作业罪发挥了刑法对风险“事前预防”的功能价值,标志着我国设置安全生产类犯罪的进一步发展。然而由于缺乏详细的配套司法解释,各地司法机关对“现实危险”的认定存在较大争议。对此,有必要从一线办案实践出发,通过对危险作业罪案件特点、案发情形进行分析,找出“现实危险”在司法实践中的认定标准,通过建立评测模型、构建行刑衔接机制、加强法律文书释法说理性等方式,保证“现实危险”刑法规范意义上的判定。

As a new crime added to the Amendments to the Criminal Law(XI),the concept of"real hazards"was used for the first time for the hazardous operation crime,breaking the pattern of only punishing the perpetrators with real hazardous consequences for crimes related to safety production,and stipulating behaviors that have not yet resulted in real hazardous consequences,but have real hazards as crimes.The hazardous operation crime has played the functional value of"pre-prevention"of risk in criminal law,marking the further development of the establishment of crimes related to production safety in China.However,as a result of the lack of detailed supporting judicial interpretations,there is considerable controversy among local judicial authorities over the determination of"real hazards".Accordingly,it is necessary to find out the criteria for the determination of"real hazards"in judicial practice by analyzing the characteristics and circumstances of cases involving hazardous operation crimes from the perspective of first-line case-handling practice to ensure the determination of"real hazards"in the normative sense of criminal law through the establishment of assessment models,the construction of a mechanism for convergence between administrative execution and criminal judicature,and the strengthening of the interpretation and justification of legal documents.