筑巢引凤:城市营商环境对高成长创业企业涌现的影响

Nesting to Attract Phoenixes:The Impact of Urban Business Environment on the Emergence of High-growth Entrepreneurial Enterprises

以“独角兽”“潜在独角兽”为代表的高成长创业企业的加速涌现是驱动城市经济高质量发展的重要力量,如何优化城市营商环境促进高成长创业企业涌现是亟待解答的重要现实与理论问题。本文运用模糊集定性比较分析方法,分别选取中国拥有“独角兽”和“潜在独角兽”的城市作为研究样本,探讨城市营商环境驱动高成长创业企业涌现的复杂因果机制。研究发现:(1)单个营商环境要素不构成高成长创业企业涌现的必要条件。(2)产生高独角兽企业数量的营商环境组态有5种,产生高潜在独角兽企业数量的组态有2种,其中市场—资源驱动型为通用路径。(3)导致非高独角兽企业数量和非高潜在独角兽企业数量的营商环境组态各有3种,其中市场—创新限制型为通用路径。研究将城市营商环境和高成长创业企业涌现联系起来,拓展了制度理论和创业领域的研究视角,揭示了驱动高成长创业企业涌现的多元营商环境路径,为不同城市和其他新兴经济体营造利于高成长创业企业涌现的营商环境提供了理论指导和实践参考。

How to optimize the urban business environment and promote the emergence of highgrowth entrepreneurial enterprises is an important practical and theoretical problem to be solved.Using the methods of problem orientation,literature induction,and phenomenon summary,this paper selects six major urban business environment elements,namely,soft environment,infrastructure,social services,market capacity,business cost,and ecological environment,as the conditional variables,and constructs the theoretical model that the urban business environment affects the emergence of highgrowth entrepreneurial enterprises based on the institutional theory and the configuration perspective.Using the fsQCA method,this paper takes 23 urban case samples with unicorns and 29 urban case samples with potential unicorns in China as the research objects,and comprehensively analyzes the complex causal relationship between the urban business environment and the emergence of high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises.The findings are as follows:First,a single business environment element does not constitute a necessary condition for generating high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises.However,infrastructure is the core condition in all configurations,and improving infrastructure has a universal role in the emergence of high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises.Second,there are five configuration ways of urban business environment leading to a high number of unicorns,and two ways to a high number of potential unicorns,of which the market-resource-driven type is the general path.Third,there are three configuration ways of urban business environment leading to a non-high number of unicorns or potential unicorns,of which the market-innovation restriction type is the general path.This paper makes the following contributions:First,using outputs other than unicorns to measure highgrowth entrepreneurial enterprises,it reveals the multiple paths of“unicorns and potential unicorns emerging in China”,enriching the theoretical research on the emergence of high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises.Second,based on the institutional theory,it deeply interprets the impact of urban business environment elements on the emergence of high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises,refining the existing research results of business environment.Third,it reveals the multiple configuration paths that the urban business environment promotes and restricts the emergence of different high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises,which confirms the synergy between business environment elements,providing theoretical guidance and practical reference for other cities and emerging economies to create a business environment conducive to the emergence of high-growth entrepreneurial enterprises.