2017—2022年盐亭县肺结核流行特征变化分析

Analysis on the changes of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yanting County from 2017 to 2022

目的分析2017—2022年盐亭县肺结核疫情数据,为制定新的防控策略和措施提供理论依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统子系统——传染病监测系统数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对2017—2022年盐亭县肺结核流行特征进行分析,率和构成比的比较采用χ^(2)检验,年均报告发病率变化趋势采用趋势卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2017—2022年年均报告发病率为48.11/10万,年报告发病率呈L型下降趋势,其中2020—2022年的报告发病率同2017—2019年相比下降了24.89%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.68,P<0.001);2020—2022年同2017—2019年相比,病原学阳性占比上升112.16%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=97.64,P<0.001);男性年均报告发病率均明显高于女性,报告病例以15岁及以上农民人群为主,其中2020—2022年肺结核发病率随着年龄的增加而增加;肺结核季节特征明显,3至5月是发病高峰;2017—2019年高发病地区为县城所在镇以外的广大农村地区,而2020—2022年无此差别。结论2020—2022年新型冠状病毒感染同2017—2019年相比,盐亭县肺结核发病趋势下降明显,病原学阳性检出率明显上升,肺结核防控工作卓有成效。新型冠状病毒感染实施“乙类乙管”后,要继续强化居民群众卫生防病意识,在高发季节和重点地区,狠抓风险人群的防控工作,确保肺结核对全县人民身体健康影响最小。

Objective To analyze the epidemic data of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)in Yanting County from 2017 to 2022,and to provide theoretical basis for formulating new prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods Data from the Infectious Disease Monitoring System,a subsystem of China's Disease Prevention and Control Information System were collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yanting County from 2017 to 2022.The comparison of rates and composition ratios was conducted by Chi-square test.Trend Chi-square test was used to test the changing trend of the reported average annual incidence rates.And the test level wasα=0.05.Results The average annual reported incidence rate from 2017 to 2022 was 48.11/105,and the rate showed a L-shaped downward trend.The reported incidence rate in 2020-2022 was 24.89%lower than that in 2017-2019,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24.68,P<0.001).Compared with 2017-2019,the proportion of etiological positive cases increased by 112.16%from 2020 to 2022,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=97.64,P<0.001).The reported average annual incidence rate of men was significantly higher than that of women.The reported cases were mainly farmers aged 15 years and above.The incidence rate of PTB increased with the increase of age from 2020 to 2022.The seasonal characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis were obvious,with a incidence peak from March to May.The high incidence areas from 2017 to 2019 were the vast rural areas outside the county/town,while the difference was not significant from 2020 to 2022.Conclusions Compared with2017-2019,the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yanting County decreased significantly from2020 to 2022 and the positive detection rate of etiology increased significantly.The prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis was effective.After COVID-19′s“Class B and Class B management”,it is necessary to continue to strengthen the residents'awareness of health and disease prevention,pay close attention to the prevention and control of risk groups in high incidence seasons and key areas,and ensure that pulmonary tuberculosis has the smallest impact on the health of the people in the county.