云南贡山县中蜂常见几种病虫害调查与防治

Investigation and control of common diseases and pests of Apis cerana cerana in Gongshan county,Yunnan Province

中蜂病虫害的防治在中蜂大规模饲养、蜂产品生产过程中极为关键。我们对贡山县不同乡镇中蜂蜂场进行实地勘察,结合问卷调查、采样核酸检测等方式对中蜂上几种常见细菌病、真菌病、寄生昆虫等病虫害进行危害调查。调查结果显示,在海拔2000m以下的中蜂蜂群更易遭受蜡的危害;同时,周围存在野樱花、杜鹃等蜜粉源植物的部分蜂场,蜂群在早春常会出现下痫、爬蜂等症状。病原检测结果显示,10个蜂场的中蜂样本几乎都检测出欧洲幼虫腐臭病病原蜂房球菌,但均未检测出美洲幼虫腐臭病、白垩病、蜜蜂微孢子虫病的病原体。本文将结合贡山县病虫害危害情况,提出相应的预防、治疗措施,为贡山县中蜂病虫害防治提供参考依据,助力当地中蜂健康高效养殖。

The control of diseases and pests of Apis cerana cerana is crucial in the process of large-scale breeding and bee product production.We conducted a survey on the common bacterial,fungal,parasitic insects diseases of honeybees in Gongshan county by field investigation,questionnaire and nucleic acid detection in various townships'bee farms.The survey showed that bee colonies were more prone to parasitism of Galleria mellonella L.at altitudes below 2000 m.Meanwhile,some colonies will have symptoms such as dysentery and crawling when wild oriental cherry or azalea nectar source plants are present near apiaries during early spring.The results of pathogen detection revealed that almost all of the bee samples from the 10 sites were infected with Melissococcus pluton,the pathogen of European foulbrood,but none of them were infected with the pathogen of American foulbrood,chalkbrood,and Nosema.This study will propose some corresponding prevention and treatment measures based on the pest and disease problems,to provide reference for the prevention and control of bee diseases and pests in Gongshan County and assist in the healthy and efficient cultivation of local honeybees.