劳动力再生产视域下脱贫人口可持续发展动力研究

Research on the Sustainable Development Impetus of the People out of Poverty from the Perspective of Labor Reproduction

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,推动农民农村共同富裕的底线任务是防范返贫风险,关键要义是培育脱贫人口的可持续发展动力。本文运用马克思主义政治经济学基本原理,从劳动力再生产角度分析指出,精准脱贫迈向共同富裕的过程就是劳动力再生产数量与质量根本性提升的过程,亦是脱贫人口由满足生存需要走向追求美好生活需要的提升过程。脱贫人口由劳动力简单再生产、一般扩大再生产到高质量扩大再生产的阶段性跨越,即可持续发展动力的构筑,要求劳动力的持续提升与劳动条件的持续改善以及劳动条件与劳动力的科学配置。然而,现实中脱贫人口不仅容易触发返贫风险,而且可能陷于劳动力简单再生产导致脱贫而不富,劳动力与劳动条件的低水平均衡束缚了脱贫人口内生可持续发展动力。因此,促进脱贫人口由精准脱贫向共同富裕迈进,应当基于“生产—交换—分配”三大关系,构建“制度—市场—社会”三位一体的具体路径,保障可持续发展动力的韧性、有效性与稳定性。

The bottom line task of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas is preventing the risk of returning to poverty,and the key is cultivating the sustainable development impetus of the people out of poverty.From the perspective of labor reproduction based on the principles of Marxist political economy,this paper points out that the process of targeted poverty alleviation to common prosperity is a process of fundamental improvement in the quantity and quality of labor reproduction,and also a process of improving the needs of the people out of poverty from meeting their survival needs to pursuing a better life.The step leap of the people out of poverty from simple reproduction,general expanded reproduction,to high-quality expanded reproduction,which is also the construction of the sustainable development impetus,requires the continuous improvement of labor force and working conditions,as well as the scientific allocation of working conditions and labor force.However,in reality,people out of poverty is not only prone to trigger the risk of falling back into poverty,but also may be trapped in the simple reproduction of labor force leading to poverty alleviation but not wealth.The low-level equilibrium of labor force and working conditions restricts the sustainable development impetus of the people out of poverty.Therefore,to promote the people out of poverty from targeted poverty alleviation to common prosperity,we should build a specific path of"system-market-society"based on the three relationships of"production-exchange-distribution",and ensure the resilience,effectiveness and stability of the sustainable development impetus.