探索实现“共振型”的制度实践——公平导向的劳动规制与劳动力配置效率研究

Exploring Institutional Practices to Achieve Resonance Type——A Study on Fairly Oriented Labor Regulations and Labor Force Allocation Efficiency

本文在“公平—效率”协同共振的目标框架下分析推进劳动力市场效率改善的政策路径,具体地,以追求社会公平为立法功能的《劳动合同法》为外生冲击,构建双重差分模型研究其对劳动力配置效率的影响。研究发现,一方面,劳动规制通过矫正工资扭曲,提升劳动力配置效率(正效应);另一方面,劳动规制限制了劳动力市场外部灵活性,降低劳动力配置效率(负效应)。从加总效应来看,其对劳动力配置效率仍呈现负向结果,异质性检验显示该项劳动规制制度的实施对不同市场化程度地区以及不同技能偏向的劳动力影响不同,政策实施的异质性影响造成不同层次劳动力收入差距进一步扩大。以低劳动力技能水平地区实行配套调节机制的力度进一步划分具有高、低相机决策灵活性的“弱势地区”,回归结果显示,在相机灵活性较高的“弱势地区”中,正效应仍显著发挥作用,负效应失效;在相机灵活性较低的“弱势地区”中,结论相反。可见,以共同富裕为目标指引深化劳动力要素市场化改革,劳动力政策的制定及实施应考虑创造及健全与其共生的经济政策环境,相机决策,进而实现经济规模增长的“效率”与发展成果全民共享的“公平”协同共振。

Analyzing the policy trajectory for improving labor market efficiency within the framework of the synergistic resonance between"fairness"and"efficiency",this study examines the impact of labor regulations on labor allocation efficiency by constructing a dual difference model with the Labor Contract Law as an exogenous shock.The research reveals that,on one hand,labor regulations enhance labor allocation efficiency by correcting wage distortions(positive effect).On the other hand,labor regulations restrict the external flexibility of the labor market,thereby diminishing labor allocation efficiency(negative effect).When considering the overall effect,labor regulations still exhibit a negative impact on labor allocation efficiency.This is primarily due to the varying influence of these regulatory systems on labor forces with different skill biases,leading to further widening income disparities across different skill levels.By implementing tailored adjustment mechanisms in regions with low levels of labor skills,the study distinguishes"vulnerable regions"based on their high or low decision-making flexibility.The results indicate that in the vulnerable regions with higher flexibility,the positive effect remains significant while the negative effect becomes ineffective.However,in vulnerable regions with lower flexibility,the opposite conclusion is drawn.Based on these research findings,policy recommendations are proposed to institutionalize and legalize the synergistic resonance of"efficiency"and"fairness"for labor allocation.