基于生态位理论的长三角港口体系竞合关系识别与优化策略

Identification and Optimization Strategy of Co-opetition Relationship in Yangtze River Delta Port System Based on Niche Theory

基于生态位理论剖析港口体系竞合机制,构建港口生态位评价指标体系,定量识别2006—2021年长三角港口体系的生态位及竞合关系,并借鉴生态位理论探讨港口体系竞合优化策略。结果表明:长三角地区多数港口生态位宽度仍有较大提升空间;港口生态位宽度存在明显的空间分异特征,形成以上海港和宁波舟山港为优势港的“双枢纽”结构;港口生态位重叠度和综合生态位重叠度高值港口均偏多,且呈上升趋势;长三角地区高宽度-高重叠度、低宽度-高重叠度、高宽度-低重叠度和低宽度-低重叠度4类港口均有分布,低宽度-高重叠度的港口数量居多。最后,提出长三角港口体系生态位扩充、特化、错位和协同发展策略。

This paper analyzes the co-opetition mechanism of the port system based on niche theory,constructs the port niche evaluation index system,quantitatively identifies the niche and co-opetition relationship of the Yangtze River Delta port system from 2006 to 2021,and draws on niche theory to explore co-opetition optimization strategies for the port system.The results indicate that there is still much room for improvement in the niche breadth of most ports in the Yangtze River Delta;the port niche breadth shows obvious spatial differentiation characteristics,ultimately forming the‘double hub’structure with Shanghai Port and Ningbo Zhoushan Port as the dominant ports.High-value ports in terms of niche overlap degree and the comprehensive niche overlap degree are increasing,and this trend is on the rise.The four types of ports with high width-high overlap,low width-high overlap,high width-low overlap,and low width-low overlap in the Yangtze River Delta are distributed throughout the region,with low width-high overlap ports being the majority.Finally,strategies for niche expansion,specialization,dislocation,and coordinated development of the port system in the Yangtze River Delta are proposed.