冰雪探测雷达层析成像技术与应用:现状、挑战与展望

Tomographic imaging technology and applications of snow/ice penetrating radar:current status,challenges and prospects

冰川、积雪是冰冻圈的重要组成部分,冰下地形、冰雪浅层结构、积雪厚度探测对于水资源调查、冰雪灾害预警及全球海平面预测具有重要意义。冰雪探测雷达对冰川或积雪类半透明介质具有很好的穿透性,已成为冰冻圈领域重要的探测手段。雷达层析成像是一种透视冰雪三维成像的新技术,在冰厚、雪深、浅层结构等关键要素反演中应用前景广阔。本文首先介绍了基于冰雷达和合成孔径雷达(SAR)的三种层析成像技术的基本原理与方法,重点梳理了过去20年国内外地、空、天基平台的冰雪探测雷达层析成像系统及其应用研究进展,归纳分析了三种层析成像技术的特点与适用性,并对当前面临的挑战与发展趋势进行了讨论。本研究可为我国冰雪层析成像雷达系统研制、全球冰雪关键要素反演及月球或火星冰层探测提供参考。

Glaciers and snow are important components of the cryosphere.The subglacial topography,shallow structure of glaciers and snow,and snow thickness are of great significance for water resources investigation,glaciers and snow disaster early warning and global sea level prediction.Snow/ice detection radar has excellent penetration for semi-transparent media like glaciers or snow,and has become an important detection means in cryosphere fields.Radar tomography is a new technique for perspective three-dimensional imaging of snow and ice,with broad application prospects in key elements inversion such as snow/ice thickness and shallow structure.This paper first introduces the basic principles and methods of three kinds of tomography techniques based on ice radar and synthetic aperture radar(SAR),and focuses on the research progress of the snow/ice penetrating radar tomography systems and their applications over the past 20 years on domestic and foreign ground-,air-and space-based platforms.The characteristics and applicability of three kinds of tomography techniques are summa-rized and analyzed,and the current challenges and development trends are discussed.This paper can provide ref-erences for the development of China’s snow/ice tomography radar system,the retrieval of global ice and snow key elements,and ice layer detection on the moon or Mars.