列车乘务员职业紧张与睡眠质量的关系:应对策略的中介作用和内在投入的调节作用

Relationship between occupational stress and sleep quality among locomotive engineers:Mediating role of response strategy and moderating role of overcommitment

[背景]职业紧张与睡眠障碍的发生密切相关。列车乘务员作为职业紧张的高危群体,其睡眠质量对于道路交通安全意义重大。[目的]探讨职业紧张影响列车乘务员睡眠质量的方向和程度,分析应对策略和内在投入在两者关系中的中介作用和调节作用。[方法]2022年7月1日—7月31日,整群抽取中国铁路兰州局集团公司3个机务段的6219名列车乘务员为研究对象。采用《付出-回报失衡问卷》《个体应对能力问卷》《匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表》对其职业紧张、内在投入、应对策略、睡眠质量进行线上调查。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行单因素分析和相关性分析,以Process V3.3宏程序插件构建中介效应及调节效应模型,使用Harman单因素检验法进行共同方法偏差检验。[结果]共发放问卷6219份,回收有效问卷5738份,有效回收率为92.27%。列车乘务员职业紧张评分为(1.22±0.29)分,内在投入评分为(16.38±3.55)分,应对策略评分为(50.00±10.00)分,睡眠质量评分为(11.51±3.95)分。Pearson相关性分析结果显示:职业紧张与内在投入和睡眠质量得分呈正相关(r=0.435、0.321,P<0.01),与应对策略得分呈负相关(r=-0.286,P<0.01);内在投入与睡眠质量得分呈正相关(r=0.367,P<0.01),与应对策略得分呈负相关(r=-0.210,P<0.01);应对策略与睡眠质量得分呈负相关(r=-0.244,P<0.01)。职业紧张可以正向预测列车乘务员的睡眠质量(b=3.658,t=21.177,P<0.001);应对策略在职业紧张与睡眠质量之间起部分中介作用,效应量为0.581,占总效应的15.88%;内在投入在“职业紧张-应对策略-睡眠质量”这一中介过程中的前半部分调节作用显著(P<0.001)。[结论]职业紧张通过应对策略的中介效应对列车乘务员的睡眠质量产生影响,且该中介路径的前半部分受内在投入的调节。

[Background]The occurrences of occupational stress and sleep disorders are closely related.As a high-risk group of occupational stress,the sleep quality of locomotive engineers is of great sig-nificance for road traffic safety.[Objective]To explore the direction and degree of occupational stress affecting the sleep quality among locomotive engineers,and to analyze potential mediating and moderating roles of response strategy and overcommitment in the relationship.[Methods]From July 1st to July 31st,2022,a total of 6219 locomotive engineers from three lo-comotive depots of China Railway Lanzhou Group Corporation were selected.We conducted an online survey on occupational stress,overcommitment,response strategy and sleep quality using the Effort-Reward Imbalance,Personal Resources Questionnaire,and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Single factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 software,mediation and moderation models were constructed using the Process V3.3 macro program plugin,and Harman's single factor test was used for common method bias testing.[Results]A total of 6219 questionnaires were distributed,and 5738 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 92.27%.The average locomotive engineers'occupational stress score(1.22±0.29),overcommitment score(16.38±3.55),response strategy score(50.00±10.00),and sleep quality score(11.51±3.95)were calculated.The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that occupational stress was positively correlated with overcommitment and sleep quality(r=0.435,0.321,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with response strategy(r=-0.286,P<0.01);overcommitment was positively correlated with sleep quality(r=0.367,P<0.01),and negatively correlated with response strategy(r=-0.210,P<0.01);there was a negative correlation between response strategy and sleep quality(r=-0.244,P<0.01).Occupational stress positively associated with sleep quality in locomotive engineers(b=3.658,t=21.177,P<0.001);re-sponse strategy exhibited a partial mediating role between occupational stress and sleep quality,with an effect size of 0.581,accounting for 15.88%of the total effect;overcommitment presented a significant moderating effect in the first half of the mediating process of"oc-cupational stress-response strategy-sleep quality"(P<0.001).[Conclusion]Occupational stress has an impact on the sleep quality of locomotive engineers through the mediating effect of response strategy,and the first half of this mediating pathway is moderated by overcommitment.