李渔“立主脑”新解

A New Interpretation of Li Yu's“Establishment of the Principal Mind”

百余年的“立主脑”阐述主要围绕“主题说”和“关目说”展开。前者为李渔的譬喻言说方式遮蔽,忽略了“传奇亦然”暗中引发的文体移位问题,误以为“作者立言之本意”为传奇戏曲之“主脑”。后者立足于“一人一事,即作传奇之主脑”,但在“一人一事”解析方面意见不一,由此形成的“关键说”“枢纽说”“转捩说”有待进一步思考和论证。戏曲“主脑”更应该被理解为一组关目链中位居链条首端且具衍生性能的关目,这种颇为特殊的位次及作用,当为其冠名“‘主’脑”的原因所在。相较于研究者指出的主脑源自哲学典籍中的“主脑”概念和由戏曲领域中的“头脑”转化而来的两种观点,刊刻于顺治十六年的丁耀亢《蚺蛇胆》“弁言”中的“主脑”,更有资格成为李渔“立主脑”的术语源头。万历年间《李卓吾先生批评古本荆钗记》卷首的《荆钗记总评》,详细阐释戏曲关目衍生理念,可以视为“立主脑”的理论源泉之一。

For over a hundred years,discussions on the“establishment of the principal mind”have mainly revolved around the“theme theory”and the“Guanmu theory”(the conception of plots).The former,shadowed by Li Yu,s metaphorical way of speaking,obscures the problem of stylistic displacement triggered by the implicit“legendary as it may be”,mistakenly assuming that“the author,s original intention”constitutes the“principal mind”of legendary dramas.The latter is based on the idea that“one person,one event,constitutes the principal mind of a legendary drama”,but there are different opinions on the interpretation of“one person,one event”,leading to the need for further reflection and argumentation on the resulting“key theory”,“pivot theory”,and“transition theory”.The“principal mind”of Xiqu should be understood as the event at the beginning of a chain of plot events and possessing derivative capabilities,which explains the rather special position and function,hence the reason for naming it“principal mind”.Compared to Li Yu,s borrowing of the concept of“principal mind”from philosophical classics,or the transformation of“brain”in the field of Xiqu into“principal mind”,the“principal mind”in the preface of Ding Yaokang,s Python Gall written in the 16th year of Emperor Shunzhi,s reign has more qualifications to become the term source of Li Yu,s“establishment of the principal mind”.The detailed exposition of the concept of“Guanmu”derivation in the“General Evaluation of the Story of the Thorn Hairpin”at the beginning of Mr.Li Zhuowu's Critique of the Ancient Story of the Thorn Hairpin during the reign of Emperor Wanli can be regarded as one of the theoretical sources of“establishment of the principal mind”.