以禅论文:金批《西厢》理论建构的独特路径

The Unique Path of Theoretical Construction in Jin Shengtan's Annotations on The Romance of the Western Chamber from the Perspective of Chan

虽然金批《西厢》受古文、时文评点的影响重视文法,但是它也在“法”之上建构了一个作为“天地妙文”“公共之宝”的“文”。“文”是文心文情的产物,合“法”却让人忘却“法”的存在。金圣叹对“文”“法”的认识与禅宗绕路说禅相通。为了由“法”入“文”,金圣叹受禅宗“当下即是”“直指人心”的启发,要求作文时以人之情理为依据只关注行文的当下,这种局部的、当下的完整性反而能够融合成有机的整体的艺术结构。金圣叹对《西厢》的改动以此为据,从而在评点中打破了阅读、创作、批评之间的壁垒,并揭示出三者共同的审美体验即“快活”。金圣叹“文”—“法”—“人”之间的建构,提高了小说戏曲的地位,并与清末民国形成了一种遥远的相似性。

Jin Shengtan,s annotations on The Romance of the Western Chamber was influenced by classical and contemporary literary criticism,thus emphasizing rules.However,Jin constructed a“literary”realm above mere“rules”,presenting it as a“marvelous text of the universe”and a“treasure of the public”.This“literary”realm is a product of literary sentiment,which,though conforming to grammatical rules,makes one forget the existence of rules.Jin Shengtan,s understanding of“literature”and“rules”resonated with the Chan school,s indirect approach to explaining Chan.To shift from“rules”to“literature”,Jin Shengtan,inspired by Chan,s concept of“the importance of the current moment”and“pointing directly to the heart of the person”,advocated for writing based on human emotions and logic,focusing only on the present moment.This partial,immediate integrity can unexpectedly integrate into an organic whole artistic structure.Jin Shengtan,s alterations to The Romance of the Western Chamber were based on this principle,breaking down barriers among reading,writing and criticism,thus revealing a shared aesthetic experience of“happiness”among the three.Jin Shengtan,s construction of“literature”—“rules”—“human”elevates the status of novel and drama,establishing a distant similarity with the literary trends of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era.