抗战时期的戏剧奖助机制与生态——以洪深、赵清阁的多封新见书信等档案文献为线索

Mechanisms and Ecosystem of Drama Awarding and Assistance During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression:Insights from Newly Uncovered Correspondence of Hong Shen and Zhao Qingge

新发现的洪深、赵清阁在抗战期间与文艺奖助金管理委员会、国民政府教育部的往来书信等档案材料,呈现了战时戏剧奖助机制的生态面貌。戏剧及其演出带来的巨大宣传和教育价值使得国民政府在抗战期间对此种文艺体裁进行了专门性的奖励救助投入,包括相关的奖助机制、活动、机构和资金。这使得大量戏剧从业人士尤其是剧作家们受益其中。但是一方面,这些政府主导的戏剧奖助体系治标不治本,并不能改变剧作家们因为战争及其带来的恶性通货膨胀导致的贫病交加的生存和创作环境;另一方面,不同剧作家们由个性、习惯所形成的不同受助心理也直接影响了其各自的受奖受助生态乃至命运,洪深和赵清阁正是其中的两个典型个案。

Newly discovered archives,including correspondence of Hong Shen,Zhao Qingge,the Committee for Literary and Artistic Awards and Assistance,and the Ministry of Education of the National Government during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,reveal the ecosystem of drama awarding and assistance mechanisms during wartime.The significant propaganda and educational value of dramas and performances prompted the National Government to provide specialized rewards and support during the War of Resistance,including relevant mechanisms,activities,institutions,and funding.This benefited a large number of drama practitioners,especially playwrights.However,on one hand,these government-led initiatives,providing immediate relief rather than addressing the root causes,failed to change playwrights,living and creative environment fraught with poverty and illness,caused by the war and severe inflation.On the other hand,the diverse psychological responses to assistance formed by individual characteristics and habits directly influenced the ecology and fate of each playwright.Hong Shen and Zhao Qingge serve as emblematic cases in this regard.