以舒适物为导向的城市发展模型——一种国际城市研究新范式

Amenities-oriented Model of Urban Development:A New Paradigm for International Urban Research

将艺术、科技、地方文化与丰富多元的社交环境相结合,以满足创新型人才需要的生活方式,是最近二十余年全球城市“筑巢引凤”和提升自身竞争力的主要路径,而舒适物在这一过程中发挥着关键作用。越来越多的国际研究表明,舒适物已成为驱动城市发展的重要因素。本文在梳理舒适物研究的英文文献基础上,提出以舒适物为导向的城市发展模型:首先,概述其理论意涵、模型特征和适用条件;其次,探讨舒适物对城市发展的作用,涉及舒适物与创新型人才增长、普通市民群体需求的关联;再次,聚焦国际研究争论的热点以及场景视角下的整合,继而分析舒适物导向下城市政策与规划的理论和实践;最后,展望舒适物研究的国际新趋势以及挑战。舒适物驱动城市发展作为一种城市研究新范式,有利于引导城市政策从关注产业发展的需要转向关注从事产业的人的发展需求,尤其是创新型人才在创新、消费、文化等方面的需求,从而吸引集聚高素质人力资本并促进城市发展由外生力量向内生动力转变。

Combining art,technology,local culture and diverse social environment to meet the needs of creative talents has become an important pathway for global cities to attract advanced human capital and enhance competitiveness in the past 20 years.Amenities are key to this process.A rising number of international studies demonstrate that amenities have become an increasingly important driver of urban development.Through a systematic review of amenities research,this paper introduces an amenitiesoriented urban development model.First,it summarizes the model’s theoretical meaning,characteristics,and applicable conditions.Secondly,it discusses the effect of the model on urban development,which involves the relationship between amenities as well as the growth of innovative talents and the needs of ordinary citizens.Thirdly,it focuses on key debates in international amenities research and integrates these debates from the perspective of“scenes”,and then analyzes the theory and practice of amenities-oriented urban policy and planning.Finally,new international trends and challenges of amenities research are prospected.As a new paradigm for urban research,amenities-oriented urban development is conducive to guiding the transition of urban policies from addressing the needs of industry development to the developmental needs of people involved in industries,especially the demands of innovative talents in creativity,consumption and culture,so as to attract and aggregate high-quality human capital,as well as to promote the transition of urban development dynamics from external forces to internal drivers.