公共空间公共性的理论研究与分析框架构建

Theoretical Research on the Publicness of Public Space and Construction of an Analytical Framework

当前公共空间建设、管理和运营过程中日益多样的参与主体和灵活的合作模式拓展了公共空间的内涵与边界,这种转变带来一种区别于公私二元对立的新视角。在这样的背景下,将公共性视为一种价值和愿景而非“私”的对立面,从更本质的角度理解公共性的内涵有助于为复杂的利益博弈和权利平衡提供一种价值参照。本文通过研究西方代表性文献,分析了公私二元对立关系的瓦解过程,将公共性的核心价值总结为公开性、异质性和共同性,进而分析了公共空间公共性的价值。在此基础上,受现象学和新行为主义心理学的启发,本文提出将公共空间公共性视为一种主观感知的研究思路,继而融合公共空间的客观特征和使用人群的主观感知构建了一种新的公共空间公共性分析框架,规避了公私的二元对立,实现了评价主体的转变,且有助于反映文脉特征和地域差异,为公共空间公共性的定量研究和机制探索提供新的思路。

Diversified participants and flexible modes of collaboration have extended the connotations and reset the boundaries of public spaces.This transition implies a new perspective that is distinct from the dichotomy between public and private.Therefore,understanding the meaning of publicness in its nature rather than regarding it as the opposite of private would provide further reference for establishing a balance between rights and interests.This study conductes an in-depth investigation of representative Western literature to analyse the dynamic public-private relationship;draws conclusions regarding the connotations and core value of publicness as openness,heterogeneity,and commonness;and further elaborates on public space’s core value of publicness.Inspired by theories of phenomenology and neobehaviourism,this study proposes a new research perspective that regards the publicness of public space as a kind of subjective perception.Then,it builds a new analytical framework based on both the objective characteristics of public space and the subjective perceptions of users.The developed framework transcends the dichotomy between public and private,changes the subjects of evaluation,and is able to reveal the characteristics of specific contexts;therefore,it would benefit future quantitative research and explorations of the mechanisms of the publicness of public space.