硬质合金材料加工研究进展

Research Process in Cemented Carbide Machining

硬质合金材料具有硬度高、强度高、化学稳定性强、冲击韧性高以及耐磨性好等优异材料特性,是现代工业生产以及新技术开发等领域中具有良好发展前景的工具材料和结构材料。但硬质合金材料的高脆性、低断裂韧性等缺陷使得硬质合金的机械加工性能非常差,成为其发展的重大阻碍,并且硬质合金加工表面易产生裂纹和凹坑,使工件表面质量下降并且影响加工性能,是典型难加工材料。本文对硬质合金的分类、性能及切削加工特点进行分析,并对硬质合金材料的加工研究现状和各种加工工艺方法的优缺点、发展趋势、存在问题及其对硬质合金表面质量的影响进行研究总结,以期为精密高效加工硬质合金提供参考依据。

Cemented carbides are widely used in modern industry and new technology development as the promising tool materials and structural materials due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties,such as high hardness and strength,superior chemical stability,high toughness and strong wear resistance.However,cemented carbides are notoriously difficult to machine owing to several inherent properties including high brittleness and low facture toughness,which leads to cracks and pits on the machining surface,poor surface finish and low machining performance,resulting in a major obstacle to the development of cemented carbides.In this paper,the classification,performance and machining characteristics of cemented carbide are analyzed,and the research status of machining cemented carbides are studied.In addition,the advantages and disadvantages,development trend and existing problems of various machining methods and their effects on the surface quality of cemented carbide are summarized,which provides a reference for the high precision and high efficient machining of cemented carbide.