复合材料的激光辅助切削加工研究

Research on Laser-assisted Micro-milling of Composite Materials

玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)与碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)在航空航天、汽车制造以及军事装备等领域有着广泛应用。考虑到传统铣削工艺与激光工艺在加工复合材料时均存在一定缺陷,利用激光—微细铣削工艺,针对热固性GFRP与CFRP材料,测量激光辅助微细铣削加工中GFRP与CFRP热影响区的形貌与尺寸,探究激光加工对不同区域基体的影响,分析加工过程与加工可行性。试验表明:GFRP与CFRP材料在激光加工中存在明显的、呈倒三角状的气化区与热影响区;在激光辅助微细铣削加工过程中,材料呈块状脱落,产生较少粉尘,均为脆性剥离;因热影响区的影响,在激光辅助微细铣削加工GFRP与CFRP时,刀具直径应大于热影响区宽度,以便在减少切屑粉末的同时降低刀具的磨损,从而降低材料的加工难度。

Glass fibre reinforced composites(GFRP)and carbon fibre reinforced composites(CFRP)have a wide range of applications in aerospace,automotive manufacturing and military equipment.Considering that both conventional milling and laser processes have certain shortcomings when processing composites,laser-assisted micro milling is used to measure the shape and size of the heat-affected zone of GFRP and CFRP in laser-assisted micro-milling for thermosetting GFRP and CFRP materials,to investigate the effect of laser processing on different areas of the matrix,and to analyse the processing and processing feasibility.The experiments show that GFRP and CFRP materials have distinct,inverted triangular-shaped vapourisation zones and heat-affected zones during laser processing.Laser-assisted micro-milling exfoliates the material in chunks and produces less dust during the process,both of which are brittle peels.However,due to the influence of the heat-affected zone,the tool diameter should be larger than the width of the heat-affected zone when processing GFRP and CFRP with laser-assisted micro-milling,which can be achieved while reducing powder chips and significantly reducing tool wear,thus reducing the difficulty of processing the material.